不同强度抗阻训练对青年男性腰部肌肉形态及机能的影响  

Effects of Resistance Training of Different Strengths on the Morphology and Function of Lumbar Muscles in Young Men

作　　者：邱丹[1,2] 何辉 熊开宇[1] Qiu Dan;He Hui;Xiong Kaiyu(Beijing Sport University,Beijing 100084,China;Baotou Teacher' s college,Baotou014030,China)

机构地区：[1]北京体育大学,北京100084 [2]包头师范学院

出　　处：《中国运动医学杂志》2019年第2期112-119,共8页Chinese Journal of Sports Medicine

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助课题(2016YB033;2016QN021)

摘　　要：目的:探讨超声影像联合表面肌电技术测试不同强度抗阻训练后青年男性腰部肌肉产生的形态及机能变化。方法:招募青年男性受试者45人,随机分为6 RM组、10 RM组、15 RM组,各15人,进行8周腰部肌肉抗阻训练,负荷分别为6 RM、10 RM、15 RM,在训练前,训练4周、8周后对腰部左右竖脊肌、多裂肌进行超声、表面肌电和腰部最大力量测试。结果:(1)超声:放松状态下,15 RM组8周后与训练前比,左右竖脊肌、左多裂肌横截面积显著增加(P<0.05),各肌肉厚度均显著增加(P<0.05)。15 RM组与10 RM组相比,左、右竖脊肌厚度的变化率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);最大自主收缩(100%MVC)状态下,6 RM组8周后与训练前比,左竖脊肌、左右多裂肌肌肉厚度显著增加(P<0.05),6 RM组与10RM组相比,左竖脊肌肌肉厚度变化率具有显著性差异(P<0.05);(2)最大力量:15 RM、10 RM组4周后与训练前比最大力量显著增加(P<0.05),8周较4周无显著差异;6 RM组各阶段最大力量均显著增加(P<0.05),且变化率高于10 RM组和15 RM组(P<0.05);(3)表面肌电:在100%MVC状态下,15 RM、10 RM和6 RM组8周训练后各组腰部肌肉积分肌电相较于训练前和4周均显著增加(P<0.05),并表现出前4周增幅小,后4周增幅大的特点,同时平均功率频谱呈降低趋势。6 RM和10 RM组左竖脊肌和右多裂肌IEMG变化率明显高于15 RM组(P<0.05)。结论:抗阻训练增加青年男性腰部慢肌纤维动员程度,长期小强度抗阻训练增加腰部肌肉横截面积及厚度,有助于预防和缓解下腰痛。Objective To study the morphological and functional changes of lumbar muscles after different resistance training using tests of ultrasound and the surface electromyography. Methods Forty-five young men were recruited in this research and randomly divided into a 6 RM, 10 RM and 15 RM group, each of 15. They underwent waist muscle resistance training for 8 weeks, with the load of 6 RM, 10 RM and 15 RM respectively. Before as well as 4 and 8 weeks after the training, the bilateral erector spinae and niultifidus muscles were given ultrasound tests and the surface electromyography, and the maximal force of the waist was also measured. Results According to the ultrasound imaging, in the relaxing state, after 8 weeks' tmining, the cross section area(CSA) of the left/right erector spinae and the left niultifidus muscle, the muscle thickness (MT) of all the muscles of group 15 RM were significantly higher than before the training. There was a significant difference between group 15 RM and 10 RM in the MT gap of the left and right erector spinae muscle (P<0.05). Under the condition of 100% maximum voluntary contraction(M VC), the MT of the left erector spinae, left/right niultifidus muscle of the 6 RM group after 8 weeks' training were significantly higher than before the training. There was a significant difference between the 6 RM and 10 RM group in the MT of the left erector spinae muscle (P<0.05). The maximal force of group 15 RM and 10 RM increased significantly after 4 weeks of training (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference after 4 weeks and 8 weeks of training. However, a significant increase was observed in the maximal force of group 6 RM all the time, and the increase was more significant than the other two groups at the same time points. After 8 weeks' training, the in tegrated electromyography (I EMG) of all the muscles tested increased significantly ,compared with before training anti 4 weeks after training at the state of 100%MVC (P<0.05), with the in crease in the first four weeks smaller than th

关 键 词：抗阻训练 腰部肌 超声 表面肌电 

分 类 号：R87[医药卫生—运动医学]