马克思论“真正的共同体”的所有制基础  

The Basis of Ownership of Marx's “True Community”

作　　者：吴宏政[1] 刘静涵 WU Hong-zheng;LIU Jing-han

机构地区：[1]吉林大学马克思主义学院 [2]东北师范大学马克思主义学部

出　　处：《吉林大学社会科学学报》2019年第2期141-148,222,共9页Jilin University Journal Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(18JJD720002);吉林大学马克思主义研究专项项目(MKSLL18)

摘　　要：西方政治哲学对共同体的探讨是建立在"自然法权"这一平台之上的,而马克思则开创了探索"真正的共同体"的历史唯物主义平台,即在"生产关系"的意义上探索人类共同体的历史唯物主义道路。在马克思看来,人类社会迄今为止从未建立"真正的共同体",以往的共同体包括资本主义私有制下的共同体都是"虚假的共同体"。马克思揭露了资本主义"虚假的共同体"的根本原因:在私有制条件下,劳动和分工都成为限制"自由个性"的"异己力量"。因此,"真正的共同体"是建立在公有制基础上的"自由个性"与"联合体"的辩证统一,公有制是建立"真正的共同体"的所有制基础。Western political philosophy’s discussion of the community is based on the platform of"natural law rights",and Marx pioneered a historical materialism platform for exploring the"community",which means to find a historical materialist path to explore human community in the sense of"production relations".Marx argued that human society has never established a"real community"and so far,the former communities,including the community under capitalist private ownership,are"fake communities".Marx exposed the fundamental reason for the"fake community"of capitalism:Under private ownership,labor and division of labor have become"dissident forces"that limit"freedom of personality".Therefore,the"community"is the dialectical unity of"free personality"and"union"based on public ownership,and public ownership is the basis of ownership for establishing a"true community".

关 键 词：马克思 历史唯物主义 真正的共同体 虚假的共同体 生产关系 所有制 

分 类 号：B03[哲学宗教—哲学理论]