不同土壤镉浓度下蔬菜安全性评价  

Safety Evaluation of Vegetables Under Different Cadmium Concentrations in Soils

作　　者：弭宝彬[1] 汪端华[1] 张竹青[1] 戴雄泽[1] 刘峰[1] 梁成亮[1] 谢玲玲[1] 周火强[1] MI Bao-bin;WANG Duan-hua;ZHANG Zhu-qing;DAI Xiong-ze;LIU Feng;LIANG Cheng-liang;XIE Ling-ling;ZHOU Huo-qiang(Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hunan Research Institute,Changsha 410125,PRC)

机构地区：[1]湖南省农业科学院湖南省蔬菜研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学》2019年第2期49-53,共5页Hunan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家特色蔬菜产业体系种子种苗岗位(CARS-24-A-14);湖南省重点研发计划项目(2017NK2061);国家大宗蔬菜产业体系长沙综合试验站(CARS-23-G-29)

摘　　要：将取自某矿区附近重金属镉(Cd)污染土壤,与正常耕种层土壤按比例混合,最终获得不同浓度梯度的重金属镉污染土壤。选取湖南春秋季节栽种面积较大的黄瓜、豇豆、小白菜、萝卜及莴笋等5大类蔬菜进行池栽试验。结果表明:不同蔬菜种类间重金属镉累积量差异明显,在较高土壤Cd浓度下(1.5 mg/kg)黄瓜、豇豆中Cd含量保持在国标安全值以下,可安全种植,且基因型差异较小;小白菜和萝卜在土壤中Cd浓度1.0 mg/kg以下时,绝大部分品种均可安全种植,超过此浓度,部分品种中Cd含量增加明显,且随土壤中Cd浓度增加,基因型差异显著,且重金属Cd累积量与土壤中浓度也并非存在正相关性,波动较大,品种种植存在一定风险,需要仔细评估后再决定是否可以在重金属污染土地推广种植;莴笋对Cd累积量较高,在土壤轻度污染时其累积量即超过国家安全限量标准,不推荐在Cd污染地区种植推广。The tested soils with different Cd concentrations used in this paper were obtained by mixed in proportion Cd contaminated soils taken from a neighborhood of mine with the normal cultivated soil.Five major types of vegetables,such as cucumber,cowpea,Chinese cabbage,radish and lettuce,which were widely planted in the spring and autumn of Hunan Province,were selected for pond culture experiments.The results showed that there were significant differences in cadmium accumulation among different vegetable species.At higher soil Cd concentration(1.5 mg/kg),the Cd content in cucumber and cowpea remained below the national standard safe value,which could be safely planted,and the genotype difference was small.When the Cd concentration of Chinese cabbage and radish in soil is below 1.0 mg/kg,most of the varieties can be planted safely.On other hand,over this concentration,Cd content in some cultivars increased significantly,and with the increase of Cd concentration in soil,genotype differences were significant,and the accumulation of heavy metal Cd was not positively correlated with the concentration in soil,fluctuated greatly,and variety planting had certain risks.It was necessary to carefully evaluate before deciding whether it could be popularized in heavy metal contaminated land.The accumulation of cadmium in lettuce was higher than the national safety limit standard when the soil was slightly polluted.It was not recommended to plant and popularize in the areas polluted by cadmium.

关 键 词：CD 蔬菜 累积差异 浓度阈值 

分 类 号：X131.3[环境科学与工程—环境科学]