“学术遵从”原则的美国司法实践及其启示  

The“Academic Deference”Principle in the U.S. Judicial Review and Its Implication

作　　者：马原 沈亚平[2] Ma Yuan;Shen Yaping

机构地区：[1]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院人权研究中心 [2]南开大学周恩来政府管理学院

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第2期140-148,共9页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(63172057);天津市哲学社会科学规划项目(ZX20170080)

摘　　要：近些年来,发生在高校与学生之间的纠纷凸显出依法治校的重要性。如何实现学术自由的司法保护、实现学术自由与学生、教师等成员权益的平衡成为高校实现办学自主和优化治理所关注的重要议题。在裁判学生与高校之间纠纷的过程中,美国司法体系形成并延续了"学术遵从"裁判原则,对高校学术性质的决定提供倾斜性保护。通过对美国相关判例的考察,可以发现"学术遵从"原则的产生、发展,以及学生与高等教育机构之间的法律关系的变化轨迹,对我国当前司法实践中如何在保障学生权益的基础上保证高校学术自主权提供有益的启示与借鉴。The disputes between the students and the authorities of universities reflect the importance of"running universities by law"in recent years.It has become one of the top priorities to protect academic freedom and balance between the interests of students,faculty and academic freedom in the governance and autonomy of universities.In the U.S.judicial system,the principle of"academic deference"is a dominating legal philosophy in reviewing student-university disputes."Academic deference"is a judicial abstention from interfering academic decisions of college authorities.A brief review on the development of this principle reveals the changing legal relationship between students and higher educational institutions and offers a comparative perspective on the judicial protection of both academic freedom and students rights in contemporary China.

关 键 词：学术遵从 高校纠纷 司法审查 学术自治 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD916