女性就业份额对制造业企业利润的影响及其机理  

Female Employment Share and Profits of Manufacture Firms: Research on the Impact and Mechanisms

作　　者：陈梅[1] 周申[1] CHEN Mei;ZHOU Shen(School of Economics,NanKai University,Tianjin,300071,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学经济学院,天津300071

出　　处：《经济管理》2019年第5期21-37,共17页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目"贸易与地区收入不平等:基于国内市场扭曲下资源空间再配置的研究"(17BJL109)

摘　　要：本文基于我国2004—2007年的规模以上制造业微观企业数据,探究女性就业份额提升对企业利润的影响和机理,并进行实证检验和差异性分析。发现:第一,女性就业份额提升有助于增加企业利润,且这种正向影响在多种稳健性检验中依然显著成立。第二,整体而言,劳动成本在二者关系中起中介效应,而且多种检验方法均证实了中介效应的显著性和有效性。第三,异质性研究发现,二者关系还受到劳动市场上职业性别隔离程度和行业技术水平差异的影响,表现为在职业性别隔离程度低的地区和高技术行业,更有利于发挥女性就业比例提升对企业利润的正向影响。本文丰富了关于企业利润决定因素和就业结构合理性经济绩效的相关研究。研究结论不仅有助于企业反思传统的用工理念,理性认识增加女性就业对企业绩效的积极作用,促进劳动市场上的性别平等,而且对于在人口红利逐渐下降和强调供给侧改革的宏观背景下,充分激发就业潜能以实现经济可持续发展具有重要政策指导意义。Since the Reform and Opening-Up,demographic dividend has being promoting the rapid growth of China's economy for almost 40 years,creating China's Miracle.However,in recent years,with the decline of the birth rate and the intensification of the aging trend,the demographic dividend factor in China is gradually disappearing.Faced with the gradual disappearance of the demographic dividend,how to maintain the sustainable growth and development of China's manufacturing enterprises?The research shows that optimizing the employment structure and making up for the shortcomings in employment are of vital importance to the sustainable growth of China's economy.Compared with the reality of China's employment structure,a prominent problem is the gender inequality in the labor market,especially the imbalance of employment gender ratio.The data show that the employment ratio of men in urban units in China is significantly higher than that of women from 1999 to 2016,and the gap between the two sexes keep expanding.Under the background of constant sex ratio imbalance in the labor market,this paper aims to uncover the micro-mechanism of how female employ ratio affect firms'performance from the perspective of profits,which is of vital importance to the development of the firms.We first hypothesize that labor cost is an important channel through which female workers enhance firm s profits;and this channel is also affected by the extent of gender-based occupational segregation in the local labor market and the level of technology.Using a comprehensive panel data of Chinese industrial micro-enterprise data during the period from 2004 to 2007,we then empirically test the aforementioned mechanism.Our empirical results indicate that increasing the proportion of female workers can significantly increase firms'total profits and the results are robust in the process of robustness tests when we use different indexes to quantify related variables and apply effective methods to deal with the problems of sample selection bias and endogeneity.By

关 键 词：女性就业份额 企业利润 中介效应 职业性别隔离 

分 类 号：F279[经济管理—企业管理]