全氟/多氟烷基化合物在全球海洋水体中的污染演变趋势研究进展  

The distribution of per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances in the global marine water

作　　者：向前 单国强[1] 邬畏 祝凌燕[1] Qian Xiang;Guoqiang Shan;Wei Wu;Lingyan Zhu(Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control. Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria of Ministry of Education,College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Nankai University,Tianjin 300350,China)

机构地区：[1]南开大学环境科学与工程学院环境污染过程与基准教育部重点实验室天津城市生态环境修复与污染防治重点实验室,天津300350

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第9期911-922,共12页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21737003;21577067;21677081);高等学校创新引智计划(T2017002)资助

摘　　要：全氟/多氟烷基化合物(PFASs)的环境污染及危害愈来愈受到全球关注.目前,部分传统PFASs的生产使用受到限制或管控,一些新型PFASs替代品不断进入市场,使得PFASs的环境污染状况变得更为复杂.PFASs不仅在人口密集地区的陆地环境中高频检出,还在各大海洋甚至人迹罕见的两极地区普遍检出.海洋已经成为PFASs污染最重要的"汇"之一,并对全球生态环境以及两极地区产生重要的影响.关于海洋中PFASs污染的报道也日趋增多,本文旨在对近年来海洋PFASs污染的研究数据进行剖析,以期阐明PFASs在全球洋流尺度上的污染时空分布情况,为PFASs的环境风险评估和环境政策的制定提供科学依据.Per-and poly-fluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) are a family of artificial organic compounds with at least one hydrogen atom along the carbon backbone substituted with fluorine. They are widely used as surfactants and additives in industries including electroplating, firefighting, coating, textile and so forth because they are chemically and thermally inert and both hydrophobic and oleophobic. PFASs are ubiquitous in various environmental matrix and have caused great concerns on their global transport and adverse impacts on environment. Hence, perfluorooctane sulfonate acid(PFOS) and related substances were listed under Annex B of the Stockholm Convention in 2009. In the recent two decades, an increasingly variety of PFASs are found in the environment(e.g., shorter-chain PFAAs, fluorotelomers, perfluoropolyethers, perfluoroalkyl phosphonic acids, perfluoroalkyl phosphinic acids, polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters, chlorine or hydro substituted polyfluoroalkyl substances, etc.). They occur not only in inland areas but also in oceans and seas, even in remote areas such as polar areas. This prompts the necessity to figure out the fate of PFASs all over the world. Regarded as one of the crucial sinks of pollutants, oceans and seas play a pivotal role in PFASs transport in the environment. Researches on the marine pollution of PFASs are increasing in the recently years. In this paper, we summarized the recent researches on the spacial and temporal trends of legacy and emerging PFASs in the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Southern Ocean from 2002 to 2016, respectively. We also summarized the researches on the occurrence of PFASs in water at different depths in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean, in the south and northwest of the Pacific Ocean, in the Southern Ocean and in the Arctic Ocean, respectively. The results indicate that a variety of emerging PFASs as substitutes of legacy PFASs are being detected in the oceans, and they are transported from offshore areas to remote areas vi

关 键 词：全氟/多氟烷基化合物 大洋 表层海水 深海海水 洋流 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]