闽语匣云二母?-/h-两读的关系  

Relation between the two pronunciations (?-/h-) of the Xia (匣) and Yun (云) initials in Min dialects

作　　者：曾南逸[1] ZENG Nanyi

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学文化与传媒学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第2期192-204,255,共14页Studies of the Chinese Language

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目"十六世纪以来闽南方言韵母的历史演变研究"(批准号:16YJC740004);教育部人文社会科学研究规划基金项目"明清闽南方言戏文语法专题研究"(批准号:18YJA740032)的资助

摘　　要：文章通过比较和统计分析,指出厦门方言乃至整个闽语匣(云)母字口语中?-/h-(x-)两种读音之间的关系与古全浊塞音、塞擦音清化后不送气/送气两种读音的关系很像,?-其实可看作"不送气"读法,而h-(x-)则是"送气"读法。Norman(1974)对闽语匣(云)母字内部对应关系的梳理、拟音及拟音说明都可以印证本文的结论。因此,在探讨闽语古浊塞音、塞擦音清化后不送气/送气两读的历史来源时,必须将匣(云)母?-/h-两读纳入考虑,而不是将匣(云)母归入普通的浊擦音。文章同时指出,闽语匣(云)母字白读与古全浊塞音、塞擦音有相同的分化可能反映上古及中古早期"影晓匣(云)"三个声母是"全清、次清、全浊"的关系,这与"端透定""帮滂並"的关系类似。Based on comparative and statistical analyses,this study proposes that the relation between the two pronunciations(■-/h-)of the Xia(匣)and Yun(云)initials in Min dialects is similar to the aspirated/unaspirated variants evolving from the devoicing of voiced obstruents in middle Chinese.■-behaves like the unaspirated pronunciation of voiceless obstruent while h-(x-)reflexes like the aspirated pronunciation.This is also supported by Jerry Norman s study in 1974.Therefore,the two pronunciations(■-/h-)of the Xia(匣)and Yun(云)initials should be considered when examining the historical origin of aspirate/unaspirated variants which resulted from the devoicing of voiced obstruents in Min dialects.Furthermore,this study suggests that the similar differentiation between Xia(匣)/Yun(云)initials and voiced obstruents implies that,Ying/Xiao/Xia(Yun)(影/晓/匣(云)),consistent with Duan/Tou/Ding(端/透/定)and Bang/Pang/Bing(帮/滂/並),were unaspirated,aspirated and voiced initials in Old and early Middle Chinese.

关 键 词：匣母 云母 浊音清化 历史层次 闽语 

分 类 号：H177[语言文字—汉语]