“加齐起源说”与奥斯曼早期国家的历史阐释  

The ‘Ghazi Origin Theory’ and the Historical Interpretation of the Early Ottoman's States

作　　者：韩志斌[1] 姜欣宇 Han Zhibin;Jiang Xinyu

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所

出　　处：《世界历史》2019年第2期17-30,I0002,I0003,共16页World History

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目"中东部落社会通史研究"(批准文号:15ZDB062)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：学术界对于奥斯曼早期国家的历史阐释尚未达成共识。维特克在质疑奥斯曼帝国"部落起源说"的基础上,提出了"加齐起源说"的解释架构,即认为奥斯曼帝国起源于一个"边疆社会"中的"加齐团体",奥斯曼早期国家在地理上位于拜占庭帝国的核心区域,占领这里极为困难,"加齐战争"得以长期延续,因而最终形成帝国。20世纪40年代以来,西方学者对"加齐起源说"的诠释路径进行批判和否定。"加齐起源说"反映了奥斯曼早期国家起源的某一维度与思考命题的不同层面。13世纪末的比提尼亚地区具有多元文化并存,多文明杂糅的地缘政治特征,诞生于此的奥斯曼早期国家亦具有这种多元文化特性,这种特性有助于奥斯曼早期国家在小亚细亚与巴尔干地区的扩张,并最终在15世纪形成横跨亚欧的世界性帝国。The academics have not reached a consensus on the historical interpretation of the early Ottoman's states.On the basis of questioning the‘tribal origin theory’regarding the Ottoman Empire,Wittek proposed an explanatory framework of the‘Ghazi origin theory’to demonstrate that the Ottoman Empire originated from a‘Ghazi group’in a‘frontier society’.The early Ottoman states geographically located in the core area of the Byzantine Empire,an area which was extremely difficult for the occupation.This resulted in a continuous‘Ghazi War’for a long period and subsequently formed an empire.Since the 1940s,the European scholars have criticized and negated the‘Ghazi origin theory’.Nevertheless,this theory reflects a certain dimension of the origin of the early Ottoman s states and a different aspect of propositional thought.At the end of the 13^th century,Bithynia had the geopolitical characteristics of multiculturalism and co-existing civilizations.The early Ottoman s states which emerged in Bithynia also shared these characteristics,which contributed to the expansion of the early Ottoman's states in Asia Minor and the Balkans.A worldwide empire across Asia and Europe eventually formed in the 15^th century on the foundation of the early Ottoman's states.

关 键 词：维特克 加齐起源说 奥斯曼 早期国家 部落理论 

分 类 号：K374.3[历史地理—历史学]