四川毛木耳栽培模式构建及其技术特点——以什邡市黄背木耳为例  

Cultivation Model Construction and Technical Characteristics of Auricularia cornea in Sichuan Province——a Case of Shifang City

作　　者：谭伟[1] 李小林[1] 戴怀斌 张文平 叶雷[1] 苗人云[1] 周洁[1] 黄忠乾[1] 张波[1] TAN Wei;LI Xiao-lin;DAI Huai-bin;ZHANG Wen-ping;YE Lei;MIAO Ren-yun;ZHOU Jie;HUANG Zhong-qian;ZHANG Bo(Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China;Shifang AgriculturalBureau, Deyang 618400. China;Edible Fungi Association in Jiandi Shifang, Deyang 618409, China)

机构地区：[1]四川省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,四川成都610066 [2]什邡市农业局,四川德阳618400 [3]什邡市湔氐镇食用菌协会,四川德阳618409

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2019年第3期30-35,共6页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：国家食用菌产业技术体系(CARS-20);四川省农业科学院科技成果中试熟化与示范转化工程项目(CGZH2019XCZC07;CGZH2019XC20)

摘　　要：简述什邡市毛木耳(Auricularia cornea)产业概况,提出四川毛木耳栽培模式为"熟料袋栽荫棚出耳",栽培技术流程为:季节安排→原料准备→菌袋生产→发菌管理→出耳管理→采收晾晒。四川毛木耳栽培技术具有6个显著特点:菌袋生产期较长,出耳的时间较早,出耳采收期较长;栽培主料靠外购,单价偏高,栽培基质无需长时间的堆积发酵;使用的栽培料袋规格较大;采用机械拌料装袋,省力、省工和高效,发菌荫棚专一;在接种箱内"凌晨抢时抢温"接种,种块萌发新菌丝较快,菌袋成品率较高;低温(菌袋码堆内温度控制在18℃～20℃)发菌,病害减少,发菌成品率较高;较早地将微喷灌系统应用于毛木耳出耳水分管理,省力、节水、节电和降低用工成本;采用耳片竹笆晾晒法,产品质量安全和干燥快速。The industry of A uricularia cornea in Shifang is briefly generalized: bag cultivation and shade production mode with the cultivation technologies including seasonal arrangement, raw material preparation, bag production, growth management and harvest and drying. Six characteristics of Sichuan-mode cultivation techniques of A. cornea have been revealed. The period of bag production is longer, while the budding time is earlier and the harvest time lasts longer. The materials of cultivation rely mainly on purchases with higher prices, and the long-time heap and fermentation for these materials isn t needed. The size of the cultivation bag is larger, and the application of mechanical mixing is labor-saving and efficient. Inoculation is before dawn for quicker germination and better mushroom bags, and the germination shade is specialized. Low temperature (controlled at 18℃-20℃ in the bag heap) reduces pollution. Early application of micro-sprinkler irrigation in water management contributes to save labor, water and electricity. A. cornea drying with bamboo is safe and quick.

关 键 词：毛木耳 栽培模式 熟料袋栽荫棚出耳 栽培技术特点 

分 类 号：S646.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]