高速列车外风挡安装间距对风挡气动特性的影响  

Influence of installation spacing of external vestibule diaphragm of high-speed train on aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm

作　　者：唐明赞 熊小慧[1,2,3] 钟睦[1,2,3] 王哲 TANG Mingzan;XIONG Xiaohui;ZHONG Mu;WANG Zhe(Key Laboratory of Traffic Safety on Track (Central South University),Ministry of Education,Changsha 410075,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Key Technology for Rail Traffic Safety,Changsha 410075,China;National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Safety Technology for Rail Vehicle,Changsha 410075,China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学轨道交通安全教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中南大学轨道交通安全关键技术国际合作联合实验室,湖南长沙410075 [3]中南大学轨道交通列车安全保障技术国家地方联合工程研究中心,湖南长沙410075

出　　处：《铁道科学与工程学报》2019年第4期850-859,共10页Journal of Railway Science and Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFB1200506-03);中南大学研究生科研创新基金资助项目(2018zzts508)

摘　　要：为探明空气动力作用下,高速列车外风挡与车体外表面安装间距对风挡气动特性的影响规律,采用三维、定常、不可压缩雷诺时均R-S方程和RNG k-ε双方程湍流模型数值算法,对0,10,20和30 mm不同安装间距的三车编组半包式外风挡高速动车组进行数值模拟,列车明线运行速度等级为350 km/h。研究结果表明:安装间距对于风挡受侧向力影响较大,尤其是橡胶弧顶与来流相对的外风挡所受侧向力与安装间距成二次函数关系,安装间距30 mm的外风挡受侧向力最大为785N;安装间距对外风挡所受阻力、升力的影响较小,橡胶弧顶相对的两块外风挡阻力方向相反,外风挡气动升力均为负升力且最大为62N;安装间距导致外风挡表面压力分布呈现规律性变化,将外风挡表面气动压力映射到有限元计算模型上,分析不同安装间距下气动载荷作用对外风挡结构变形与应力的影响。本文研究结果可对外风挡结构强度与优化设计,以及安装位置精度要求提供指导。To verify the influence of the aerodynamic force on the aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm, the three-dimensional, steady-state, incompressible Reynolds time-averaged RS equation and RNG k-ε two-equation turbulence model numerical algorithm were used to simulate the aerodynamic characteristics of the vestibule diaphragm. The numerical simulation of the three-car marshalling half-covering type external vestibule diaphragm high-speed EMUs with different installation spacings of 0, 10, 20 and 30 mm was carried out, and the speed of the train running in the open air was 350 km/h. The results show that the installation spacing has a great influence on the lateral force of the vestibule diaphragm, especially the lateral force for external vestibule diaphragm of which the rubber arc top relative to the incoming wind flow, is quadratic dependent on the installation spacing, The maximal lateral force is 785 N with a spacing of 30 mm;the installation spacing has a little influence on the drag and lift force of the external vestibule diaphragm;the drag of the two external vestibule diaphragm which is symmetric about the rubber arc top is in the opposite direction, and the external aerodynamic lifting force is negative and the maximum is 62 N;The installation spacing causes a regular change in the pressure distribution on the outer vestibule diaphragm surface. The surface pneumatic pressure of the vestibule diaphragm is mapped to the finite element calculation model. The effect of aerodynamic loads on the deformation and stress of the vestibule diaphragm structure under different installation spacings is analyzed. The results of this study can provide guidance on the strength and optimal design of the external vestibule diaphragm structure, as well as the accuracy requirements of the installation position.

关 键 词：高速列车 橡胶风挡 安装间距 气动特性 数值模拟 

分 类 号：U270.6[机械工程—车辆工程]