异养硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida YH的脱氮特性及降解动力学  

Nitrogen Removal by Heterotrophic Nitrifying Bacterium Pseudomonas putida YH and Its Kinetic Characteristics

作　　者：汪旭晖 杨垒 任勇翔[1] 陈宁 肖倩 崔珅 郦丹 WANG Xu-hui;YANG Lei;REN Yong-xiang;CHEN Ning;XIAO Qian;CUI Shen;LI Dan(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710055,China;China United Engineering Corporation Limited,Hangzhou 310052,China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055 [2]中国联合工程有限公司,杭州310052

出　　处：《环境科学》2019年第4期1892-1899,共8页Environmental Science

基　　金：陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2018JQ5157);陕西省教育厅重点科研计划项目(17JS079);西安建筑科技大学青年科技基金项目(QN1715)

摘　　要：针对传统污水处理过程脱氮处理效率低、工艺流程复杂、抗高氨氮冲击负荷能力弱等问题,以具有高效脱氮能力的异养硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida YH为研究对象,开展其生理生化特性、脱氮性能、影响因子及动力学分析.结果表明,菌株YH具有高效的异养硝化能力,氨氮最大去除率达99. 1%,约53%的去除总氮转化为胞内氮,反应过程仅有少量的硝化中间产物积累;菌株YH还能够在好氧条件利用亚硝酸盐和硝酸盐进行生长代谢,最大去除率分别为99. 8%和99. 5%.同时,结合反硝化功能基因nap A和nir K的PCR成功扩增,进一步证明菌株YH具有好氧反硝化特性;菌株YH生长特性与Logistic模型相匹配(R^2> 0. 99),氮素降解过程则符合Compertz模型(R^2> 0. 99),拟合所得氮素最大转化速率R_m为氨氮>硝氮>亚硝氮,迟滞时间t0为硝氮>亚硝氮>氨氮;异养硝化最佳的条件是碳源为琥珀酸钠、C/N=10、T=30℃、r为160～200r·min^(-1)以及pH=7,最优条件下平均氨氧化速率和R_m分别为8. 35 mg·(L·h)^(-1)和16. 71 mg·(L·h)^(-1);菌株YH能够适应较宽范围的氨氮负荷,在高氨氮浓度下(1 000 mg·L^(-1))仍具有较高的异养硝化能力,体现了菌株YH具有处理高氨氮废水的潜能.Due to the low nitrogen removal efficiency, lengthy procedure, and vulnerability to high loads of ammonium of the traditional sewage treatment process, the physiological characteristics, nitrogen removal characteristics, influencing factors, and kinetic analysis were systematically studied for the heterotrophic nitrifier Pseudomonas putida YH, which has efficient nitrogen removal ability. The results showed that strain YH exhibited efficient heterotrophic nitrification ability with a low accumulation of nitrification products. The maximum ammonium removal rate was 99.1%, and nearly 53% of the removed TN was converted to intracellular nitrogen. In addition, nitrite and nitrate could also be metabolized by strain YH under aerobic conditions, with a maximum removal rate of 99.8% and 99.5%, respectively. Additionally, the successful PCR amplification of the napA and nirK genes further improved the aerobic denitrification characteristics of strain YH. The bacterial growth process of strain YH matched the Logistic model (R2>0.99), and the nitrogen degradation conformed to the Compertz model (R2>0.99). The order of the maximum conversion rates of nitrogen (Rm) was ammonia > nitrate > nitrite, and that of the lag time (t0) was nitrate > nitrite > ammonia. The optimal conditions for heterotrophic ammonium oxidation with strain YH were succinate as the carbon source, C/N=10, T=30℃, r=160-200 r·min^-1, and pH=7.0. Under the optimal conditions, the average ammonia oxidation rate and Rm were 8.35 and 16.71 mg·(L·h)^-1, respectively. Strain YH could adapt to a broad range of ammonium loads. A high ammonium removal rate was observed under high ammonium concentrations (1000 mg·L^-1), indicating the high potential of strain YH for application in high-strength ammonium wastewater treatment.

关 键 词：异养硝化 好氧反硝化 恶臭假单胞菌 脱氮 动力学 

分 类 号：X172[环境科学与工程—环境科学] X703