王守仁儿童自然教育思想及其对幼儿家庭教养方式的启示  

Wang Shouren's Thoughts on Natural Education on Children and Its Enlightenment to the Parenting Pattern

作　　者：王雪纯 宫盛花 WANG Xue-chun;GONG Sheng-hua(Lanling Chengxin Middle School of Linyi, Shandong, Linyi 277700, China;School of Education Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210024,China;College of Teacher Education, Ludong University, Yantai 264001, China)

机构地区：[1]山东省临沂市兰陵县诚信中学,山东临沂277700 [2]南京师范大学教育科学学院,江苏南京210024 [3]鲁东大学教师教育学院,山东烟台264001

出　　处：《陕西学前师范学院学报》2019年第4期6-10,共5页Journal of Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University

基　　金：江苏省博士后科研资助研究项目(1601114B)

摘　　要：王守仁的儿童自然教育思想是以"明人伦"的教育目的、"心即理"的心学理论作为其思想的基础,结合自身的教学经验总结形成的思想理论体系。他以树为喻,认为儿童的教育要遵循自然规律,这在当时具有先进性和科学性。本文主要通过解读王守仁的自然教育思想,即教育要顺应性情,因材施教,注重独立探索等。其思想对当今幼儿家庭教养方式的启示为:清晰认识儿童,把握自然生长规律;随人分限所及,对儿童有适度期望;尊重而非压制,创造和谐家庭氛围;注重德行习惯,促进儿童全面发展;重视潜移默化,言传身教树立榜样;着重实践探索,锻炼儿童独立思考。Wang Shouren’s thoughts on natural education of children is an ideological theory formed according to his own teaching experience, with “understanding human relations” as the objective of education, and “mind is principle” as the theoretical basis. He compared children with tree, and proposed that children’s education should follow the order of the nature, which was a very advanced and scientific idea at his time. This paper tries to explore its enlightenment to parenting pattern on the basis of interpretation of Wang Shouren’s thought of natural education, and concludes that parents should have a correct understanding about children and their growth and teach in accordance of children’s aptitude;respect rather than suppress them and create harmonious environment in family;put emphasis on children’s moral integrity and habit and promote their comprehensive development;lay stress on exerting subtle influences on children’s character and teach by words and influence by deeds;make a special effort to practical exploration and train their independent thinking ability.

关 键 词：王守仁 儿童自然教育 家庭教养方式 启示 

分 类 号：G610[文化科学—学前教育学]