甲基肼苦味酸盐的合成与性能  

Synthesis and Properties of Methylhydrazine Picrate

作　　者：慕晓刚 张岳 张有智 刘祥萱 MU Xiao-gang;ZHANG Yue;ZHANG You-zhi;LIU Xiang-xuan(Rocket Force University of Engineering,Xi′an 710025,China)

机构地区：[1]火箭军工程大学,陕西西安710025

出　　处：《火炸药学报》2019年第2期141-144,I0003,共5页Chinese Journal of Explosives & Propellants

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.61603398);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划(No.2018JM6007)

摘　　要：将苦味酸与液体推进剂甲基肼进行反应,合成了甲基肼苦味酸盐,通过元素分析、红外光谱分析、核磁共振对其结构进行了表征,利用TG-DTG和DSC对其热分解性能进行了分析;利用Kissinger法研究了甲基肼苦味酸盐的热分解并计算了其热分解活化能,通过非等温DSC曲线的特征数据计算了其热爆炸临界温度。结果表明,甲基肼苦味酸盐热分解主要发生在170.8～225.3℃之间,其分解过程为放热反应,熔点约为120℃,其非等温动力学方程式为ln(β/T^2_p)=-15.393(1/T_p)+23.288,热分解活化能E为127.98kJ/mol,指前因子ln(A/s^(-1))为26.04,热爆炸临界温度T_b为171.33℃;甲基肼苦味酸盐具有合成工艺简单、反应快速及热稳定性良好等特点,可用于甲基肼的报废处理及再利用。Methyl hydrazine(MMH)picrate was synthesized by the reaction of picric acid with liquid propellant MMH.Its structure was characterized by elemental analysis,IR spectroscopy and NMR.Its thermal decomposition performance was analyzed by TG-DTG and DSC.The thermal decomposition of MMH picrate was studied and the activation energy of thermal decomposition was calculated by Kissinger method.The critical temperature of thermal explosion was calculated by the characteristic data of non-isothermal DSC curves.The results show that the thermal decomposition of MMH picrate mainly occurs between 170.8 and 225.3℃.Its decomposition process is exothermic reaction,the melting point is about 120℃,and the non-isothermal kinetic equation is ln(β/T2p)=-15.393(1/Tp)+23.288.The activation energy E of thermal decomposition is 127.98kJ/mol,the pre-exponential factor in ln(A/s-1)is 26.04.The critical temperature of thermal explosion Tb is 171.33℃.MMH picrate has the characteristics of simple synthesis process,rapid reaction and good thermal stability,which can be used for the waste treatment and reuse of MMH.

关 键 词：有机化学 甲基肼苦味酸盐 苦味酸 热分解动力学 热爆炸临界温度 液体推进剂 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] O62[理学—有机化学]