内蒙古马铃薯施肥效应特征参数与施肥推荐  

Characteristic Parameters of Fertilization Effect and Fertilization Recommendation on Potato in Inner Mongolia

作　　者：段玉[1] 张君[1] 张三粉[1] 景宇鹏[1] 王博[1] 莎娜[1] 栗艳芳[1] 李书田 DUAN Yu;ZHANG Jun;ZHANG Sanfen;JING Yupeng;WANG Bo;SHA Na;LI Yanfang;LI Shutian(Institute of Resources and Environment and Testing Technology, Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia 010031, China;International Plant Nutrition Institute Beijing Office, Beijing 100081, China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农牧业科学院资源环境与检测技术研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010031 [2]国际植物营养研究所北京办事处,北京100081 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国马铃薯》2019年第2期89-100,共12页Chinese Potato Journal

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0200100);国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)资助项目

摘　　要：马铃薯是内蒙古的主要作物之一,目前生产上由于没有合适的推荐施肥方法,过量施肥现象严重,研究明确马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应与农学效率等推荐施肥参数,构建适宜的推荐施肥方法具有重要意义。在内蒙古马铃薯主产区,采用多年多点田间试验方法结合室内分析,研究了马铃薯施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应、农学效率、养分利用率,探索养分吸收与农学效率及产量反应与农学效率的相关关系,构建基于土壤养分丰缺指标、土壤养分含量和相对产量的最佳施肥推荐。结果表明,施用N、P、K肥的产量反应(YRN、YRP和YRK)分别为4.2,3.6和2.7 t/hm^2,农学效率(AEN、AEP和AEK)分别为27.5,46.6和29.3 kg/kg。施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应与缺素区的相对产量、产量反应和农学效率之间均呈显著的相关关系,可以采用基于马铃薯产量反应和农学效率的推荐施肥方法进行马铃薯的氮磷钾肥推荐。生产1 t马铃薯吸收N、P_2O_5和K_2O分别为5.6,1.5和6.1 kg/t,由此参数可确定一定马铃薯产量下的养分吸收量。土壤速效磷、钾含量(x)和缺磷、缺钾区相对产量(y)之间有显著的线性相关关系,依据这一相关关系可以确定内蒙古马铃薯生产的土壤有效磷和土壤交换性钾的养分丰缺指标,可以采用目标产量养分吸收量与养分丰缺指标指导测土推荐施肥。因此研究明确了内蒙古马铃薯主产区施用氮磷钾肥的产量反应和农学效率等推荐施肥的相关参数,建立了基于产量反应与农学效率进行马铃薯氮磷钾养分施肥的推荐方法。Potato is one of the major crops in Inner Mongolia. However, there is no suitable fertilization recommendation method currently for growing better potato. The problem of over and imbalance fertilization is serious. It is of great significance to study yield response and agronomic efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers in potato, thus to establish an applicable recommended fertilization method. By multi-years and multi-sites filed experiments and laboratory analysis in the major potato producing area of Inner Mongolia, the study quantified potato yield responses, agronomic efficiency, and nutrient use efficiencies of N, P and K fertilizers, and explored the relationship between nutrient uptake and agronomic efficiency, and between yield responses and agronomic efficiency. The optimal fertilization was therefore recommended based on soil nutrient abundant deficiency index, soil nutrient content and relative yield. The results showed that the yield response for N (YRN), P (YRP) and K (YRK) was 4.2, 3.6 and 2.7 t/ha, respectively. The agronomy use efficiency of N (AEN), P (AEP) and K (AEK) was 27.5, 46.6 and 29.3 kg/kg, respectively. Yield responses under applying N, P and K fertilizers was significantly correlated with the relative yields without N, P and K. Yield response of NPK fertilization was also positively correlated with agronomic nutrient use efficiency. Recommendation fertilization based on yield response and agronomic nutrient efficiencies therefore could be given. The nutrient uptake requirement for producing unit yield was 5.6 kg/t for N, 1.5 kg/t for P2O5 and 6.1 kg/t for K2O. Both soil available phosphorus and potassium contents were linearly correlated with relative yields under no P or K application treatment. According to these relationships, the nutrient abundance, the deficiency index of soil available phosphorus and soil exchangeable potassium for potato in Inner Mongolia were determined. The target yield nutrient uptake requirement, the nutrient abundance and the deficiency index could be used

关 键 词：马铃薯 氮磷钾肥 产量反应 农学效率 施肥推荐 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]