一种新型直动式钵苗分苗装置的设计与试验  

Design and experiment of a new direct action pot seedling separating equipment

作　　者：石新异 杨启志[1,2] 徐莉[1] 孙梦涛 毛罕平[1] SHI Xinyi;YANG Qizhi;XU Li;SUN Mengtao;MAO Hanping(School of Agricultural Equipment Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China;Institute of Intelligent Robot, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, China)

机构地区：[1]江苏大学农业装备工程学院,江苏镇江212013 [2]江苏大学智能机器人研究所,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第3期301-306,312,共7页Journal of Jiangsu University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51475216;51675239);"十二五"农村领域国家科技计划合作项目(2013BAD08B03-1);江苏省自然科学基金资助项目(BK20161344);江苏省六大人才高峰项目(ZBZZ-022);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程项目(苏财教[2014]37号);镇江市农业科技支撑项目(NY2014031)

摘　　要：目前蔬菜移栽机的分苗装置普遍采用旋转托杯(苗杯)的方案,这种方案为动态投苗,易挂苗、动力传动系统复杂、传动力矩大.为解决上述问题,提出了一种新型直动式钵苗分苗装置.阐述了分苗装置的工作原理,对分苗装置的主要零部件(直线移动装置、落苗装置、苗杯)进行了具体的结构和驱动设计;进行了定位误差试验与分苗成功率试验,并对分苗的效果进行了检验.试验发现:直动式分苗装置可以很好地实现瞬态静止接苗与分苗,接苗、分苗成功率高,且不易挂苗.苗杯直线移动的定位精度随着分苗速度的提高而逐渐下降,通过给电动机设定不同的脉冲频率优化之后,产生的误差数值保持在0.2～0.8 mm,满足分苗定位要求;对分苗装置进行了分苗试验,分苗成功率随着分苗速度的增加而逐渐下降,当分苗频率为70株·min^(-1)·行^(-1)时,分苗的成功率为95.03%.表明该分苗装置能够满足目前多行全自动移栽机的分苗速度及精度要求.To solve the problems of current rotary cup (seedling cup) in dynamic vote seedling-dividing machine with easy hanging seedlings and complex power transmission system, a new direct action pot seedling separating equipment was proposed. The working principle of seedling device was described, and the main components of linear movement device, seedling dropping device and seedling cup were designed in detail. The tests of positioning error and seedling separation success of seedling transplanting device were conducted, and the effect of seedling separation was also determined. The results show that the direct action pot seedling separating equipment can realize picking and separating seedlings quietly without hanging seedlings. The positioning accuracy of linear movement of seedling cup is decreased gradually with the increasing of seedling speed. Setting different pulse frequency for the motor, the error is kept in the range from 0.2 mm to 0.8 mm, which meets the requirements of seedling positioning. The success rate of splitting seedling is decreased gradually with the increasing of seedling rate, and the success rate is 95.03% for the seedling rate of 70 plants/min/row. The proposed seedling separating equipment can meet the seedling speed and accuracy requirements of the current multi-line automatic transplanting machine.

关 键 词：分苗装置 蔬菜钵苗 直动式苗杯 齿轮齿条机构 移栽机 

分 类 号：S223[农业科学—农业机械化工程]