条施机定量施肥控制系统设计  

On Design of Control System with Quantitative Fertilization for Band Applicator

作　　者：董俊汶 汪洋[2] 赵进[2] 李晓贤 何培祥[2] DONG Jun-wen;WANG Yang;ZHAO Jin;LI Xiao-xian;HE Pei-xiang(College of Hanhong,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China;College of Engineering and Technology,Southwest University,Chongqing 400715,China)

机构地区：[1]西南大学含弘学院,重庆400715 [2]西南大学工程技术学院,重庆400715

出　　处：《西南师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第4期93-99,共7页Journal of Southwest China Normal University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：重庆市社会事业与民生保障科技创新项目(cstc2017shms-xdny80030)

摘　　要：针对化肥利用率低,肥料浪费较为严重和精量施肥在我国推广实施难度较大的问题,设计了条施机定量施肥控制系统.先研究了条施机定量施肥的原理,在此基础上设计了定量施肥控制系统并对控制系统进行了电路设计和软件设计,对控制系统的条施机行走速度、单位距离排肥量、排肥电机电压与排肥量关系和PWM占空比进行了计算分析.田间试验表明,条施机设置施肥量为300～750 kg/hm^2,其定量施肥控制系统的最大偏差为5.28%,平均偏差为4.49%,定量施肥的控制精度较好,该定量施肥控制系统为施肥机控制系统的设计提供了参考.Low use efficiency of chemical fertilizer is a serious problem in China, which has caused tremendous waste of fertilizer and environmental pollution like soil pollution and water pollution. Precision fertilization is an effective solution. However, it is difficult to popularize and implement in our state. Thus, a control system with quantitative fertilization for band applicator has been designed in this paper. The design of control system is based on the research of quantitative-fertilization principle for band applicator. Circuit and software design has been proposed in this paper, and the computation of movement speed for band applicator, the calculation of fertilizer quantity in unit distance, the relationship between voltage of fertilizing motor and fertilizer quantity and the regulation of PWM duty have also been analyzed. The field experiment results show that with the quantitative-fertilization control system, the maximum error of fertilization is 5.28% and the mean error is 4.49% when fertilizer quantity is set to 300-750 kg/hm^2, which indicates the quantitative-fertilization control system is of high control accuracy. This study could provide a reference for the research and design of quantitative-fertilization control system for fertilizer applicators.

关 键 词：定量施肥 控制系统 条施机 PWM 

分 类 号：S224.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]