经纬仪测量系统相对定向误差解析与消除方法  

Analysis and elimination of relative orientation error of theodolite measuring system

作　　者：刘尚国[1,2] 刘金龙 郭倩倩 范春艳 LIU Shangguo;LIU Jinlong;GUO Qianqian;FAN Chunyan(College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology,Qingdao,Shandong 266590,China;Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geomatics and Digital Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266590, China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]山东省基础地理信息与数字化技术重点实验室,山东青岛266590

出　　处：《测绘科学》2019年第4期158-164,共7页Science of Surveying and Mapping

摘　　要：针对经纬仪测量系统相对定向容易产生等大同向起始方向线误差的问题,该文从角度空间前方交会测量的解析式出发,推导了相对定向的起始方向线误差模型。借助Matlab仿真,发现该误差会引起图形的整体旋转和变形,且距离起始方向线及其垂直平分线越远,位移变形越大,变形量大小及方向具有较强的规律性。该文通过大量实验,验证了仿真分析的结论,并发现不加任何外部条件约束的情况下,以望远镜十字丝为互瞄标志,相对定向误差的差异性较大,最大可达1′以上;但若在数据采集中配合使用外觇标法,可将相对定向误差控制在2″以内。数据处理采用光束法平差模型,将相对定向误差转化为仪器的姿态参数,有效地消除了该误差对三维坐标测量的影响。Aiming at the initial direction error with equal and same direction character which is easy to occur in the relative orientation of theodolite measuring system,according to the angle space intersection principle,the relative orientation error model of initial direction line was derived through coordinate analysis and calculation in this paper.With Matlab simulation,it was found that would cause the overall rotation and deformation of the figure,and the farther from initial direction line and its vertical flat line,the greater displacement,and the size and direction of deformation amount had strong regularity.Through a lot of experiments,the conclusion of simulation analysis was verified.It was found that under the condition of no external constraints,the difference of relative orientation error was larger when the telescopic cross wire was used as the aiming mark,and the maximum could reach more than 1′.But if in the data acquisition with the use of external target method,the relative orientation error would be controlled in less than 2″.When bundle adjustment model is applied to data processing,the relative orientation error was transformed into the attitude parameter of the instruments,which effectively eliminated the influence of the error on the three-dimensional coordinate measurement.

关 键 词：角度空间前方交会 经纬仪测量系统 相对定向 起始方向线 

分 类 号：P207[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]