基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置的研制  

Development of a single pendulum period measuring device based on electromagnetic induction

作　　者：石明吉[1] 李波波 赵晓洁 薛媛媛 SHI Mingji;LI Bobo;ZHAO Xiaojie;XUE Yuanyuan(School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Hanyang Institute of Technology, Hanyang Henan 473004, China)

机构地区：[1]南阳理工学院电子与电气工程学院,河南南阳473004

出　　处：《自动化与仪器仪表》2019年第4期27-29,37,共4页Automation & Instrumentation

基　　金：南阳理工学院省示范校建设专项研究项目"大学物理开放性实验教学方法与体系的研究与实践冶(SFX201718);南阳理工学院高等教育研究基金项目"应用型本科高校公共实践教学平台运行机制研究冶(2017-NGGJJJ-002)

摘　　要：介绍了一种基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置的工作原理、性能和实验结果。该装置由电感式接近开关、数据采集系统、电源和电脑构成。通过模拟量线性电感式接近开关将摆球与接近开关距离的变化转换成电压信号的变化,然后利用数据采集系统采集并在电脑上实时显示与存储。实时显示可以杜绝漏计导致的周期计数错误现象,存储的数据可以进一步分析单摆的摆动情况。由于采集的数据量比较大,数据包含的信息也更丰富。由于电感式接近开关输出的电压信号含有不同频率的成分,尝试利用快速傅里叶变换法处理数据,将时域信号转换成频域信号。利用频谱分析可以排除高频震荡信号对单摆周期测量的影响,确保周期测量准确。利用传统的秒表和基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置进行对比实验,测量单摆的周期。实验结果表明:利用传统的秒表测量,相对误差为0.81%;利用基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置,相对误差可达0.31%,说明基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置的准确度更高。此外,基于电磁感应的单摆周期测量装置具有调节简便、可靠性高等优点,具有一定的推广和使用价值。The working principle, performance and experimental results of a single pendulum period measuring device based on electromagnetic induction are introduced in this paper. The device is consisted of a inductance approach switch ,a data acquisition system, a power supply and a computer. The analog linear inductance approach switch is used to convert the change of the distance between the ball and the close switch to the change of the voltage signal by the analog linear inductive proximity switch , and then the data acquisition system is used to collect and real-time display and store on the computer. Real time display can eliminate the phenomen on of periodic counting errors caused by missed calculations, and the data stored can further analyze the swing of single pendulum. Because of the large amount of data collected, the information contained in the data is more abundant. Because the output voltage signal of the inductance approach switch contains different frequency components, the fast Fourier transform method is used to process the data, and the time domain signal is converted into frequency domain signal. The influence of high-frequency oscillation signal on the measurement of torsion pendulum period can be eliminated by spectrum analysis, and the accuracy of period measurement is ensured. Using the traditional stopwatch and the single pendulum period measurement device based on electromagnetic induction , a comparative experiment is carried out to measure the period of the pendulum. The experimental results show that the relative error of the traditional stopwatch is 0.81 %, and the relative error of the single pendulum cycle measuring device based on electromagnetic induction is up to 0.31%, which indicates that the accuracy of the single pendulum cycle measuring device based on electromagnetic induction is higher. In addition, the single pendulum period measurement device based on electromagnetic induction has the advantages of simple adjustment and high reliability. It has certain popularization and appli

关 键 词：单摆 电磁感应 模拟量线性接近开关 傅里叶变换 

分 类 号：TP216[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]