17世纪前基督教与高等教育关系的历史演变  

Historical Evolution of the Relationship between Christianity and Higher Education before the 17th Century

作　　者：李观锐 贺国庆[1] LI Guan-rui;HE Guo-qing(College of Teachers Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China)

机构地区：[1]宁波大学教师教育学院,浙江宁波315211

出　　处：《宁波大学学报（教育科学版）》2019年第3期68-75,共8页Journal of Ningbo University(Educational Science Edition)

摘　　要：17世纪前基督教与高等教育关系的本质是神学与古典学问的碰撞对话。初代基督教时期,古典学问将基督教视为野蛮无知的宗教,为了消除这样的误解,一批护教学者架起了两者之间对话的桥梁。帝国基督教时期,古典学问逐渐走向衰落,而基督教学术则主动借鉴古典学术的精粹以完善教义体系。到了中世纪基督教时期,神学开始主导高深学问的发展,推动了基督教高等教育蓝图的形成:神学是科学女王,哲学是女仆。宗教改革时期,新教与天主教间的斗争影响了这一蓝图的实践。17世纪清教徒将这一蓝图移植到北美并加以改造。进入18世纪,启蒙理性彻底动摇了这个理想。Christianity and higher education developed in a collision between theology and classical science before the 17th century. In the early Christian period, classical scholarship regarded Christianity as a barbaric and ignorant religion. To eliminate such misunderstandings, a group of escorts tried to set up a bridge between the two sides. During the period of Imperial Christianity, classical scholarship gradually declined while Christian scholars took the initiative to learn from the classical essence to perfect the teaching system. In the Middle Ages of Christianity, theology began to lead the development of advanced knowledge and formed a Christian-style blueprint for higher education: theology is the queen of science while philosophy being the maid. During the period of the religious reform, the struggle between Protestantism and Catholicism influenced the practice of this blueprint. In the 17th century, the Puritans transformed this blueprint into the New World of North America. In the 18th century, however, the Enlightenment rationality had completely shaken this ideal.

关 键 词：基督教 高等教育 人文主义 宗教改革 大学 

分 类 号：G40-09[文化科学—教育学原理]