论王船山对《潜虚》与《洪范数》的批判  

Wang Chuan-shan’s Criticism of the Qian xu and Hongfan shu

作　　者：谷继明[1] GU Ji-ming

机构地区：[1]同济大学人文学院

出　　处：《周易研究》2019年第1期45-52,共8页Studies of Zhouyi

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目:“六朝易学研究”(18CZX022)

摘　　要：扬雄、司马光、蔡沈的易学,主要体现在模拟《周易》上,船山对此的批判可以说最为激烈、不遗余力。《潜虚》爻不合彖、《元包》有彖无爻,皆与船山“彖爻一致”的思想相违背。同时,“爻也者效天下之动者也”;而《潜虚》仅有占成的一卦而无爻的变动,因此属于一种固定的死物,与《周易》,变动不居,周流六虚”的神妙不可同日而语,因此它根本不能拟象大化流行之无方多端。船山对《洪范数》的批评,不仅仅体现在他连释《周易》的作品中,更集中体现在《尚书引义》中,船山对《洪范数》的占法作了探讨,认为它变乱奇偶,于象、理皆无当,从根本上说,乃是因为它与船山提倡的“即占即学”和“得失吉凶一道”是完全相违背的,船山的批判,背后有一贯的义理系统作支撑,并非从考据的方面来判定谱系而已。The Changes scholarship of Yang Xiong (53 BCE-18 CE) who wrote the Taixuan (Great Mystery), Sima Guang (1019- 1086 ) who composed the Qian xu ( Hidden Void), and Cai Chen ( 1167-1230) who composed the Hong fan huangji nei pian (Inner Chapters of the Great Plan and Supreme Principles That Rule the World), mainly embodied attempts to model the Zhou yi, an ambition which was intensely criticized by Wang Chuanshan ( 1619-1692). In the Qian xu, the judgment has nothing to do with line statement, and there are only judgments without line statements in the Yuan bao (an imitation of the Taixuan by Yuan Song [469- 507]), which ran counter to Chuanshan's view that hexagram judgment and line statements ought to be consistent. Meanwhile, in the Yi jing , line statements refer to moving and changing, but in the Qian xu, there are no moving lines;hence, it was nothing but a fixed dead thing, which is not in alignment with the emphasis on unfixed changing in the Yi jing and could not fully symbolize the endless changes of the actual world. His criticism on the numerology in the Hongfan huangji neipian was not only embodied in his writings interpreting the Yi jing , but also collectively presented in his Shangshu yirtyi ( Extended Meanings from the Classic of History). He discussed the method of divination of the Hongfan shu, which, according to Chuanshan, distorted the order odd and even numbers, and thus was not in alignment with images and philosophical connotations, and completely went against Chuanshan's stress on the unity of divination and principle. Chuanshan's criticism, however, was not based on textual research to judge lineages of the scholarship but has a consistent system of philosophical connotations as its prop.

关 键 词：王船山 易图学 潜虚 洪范皇极内篇 

分 类 号：B249.2[哲学宗教—中国哲学]