国有企业增进还是拖累社会就业?  

Do State-owned Enterprises Promote or Hinder Employment?

作　　者：刘海洋 林令涛[2] 戴美虹 Liu Haiyang;Lin Lingtao;Dai Meihong(School of International Business,Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130,China;School of Economics,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;School of Economics,Dongbei University of Finance and Economics, Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]西南财经大学国际商学院,611130 [2]大连理工大学经济管理学院,116024 [3]东北财经大学经济学院,116023

出　　处：《南开经济研究》2019年第2期62-77,共16页Nankai Economic Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(15BJL010);辽宁省社科基金(L11BJY007);西南财经大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JBK1902016)的资助

摘　　要：作为中国经济的支柱力量,国有企业曾经承担着增进就业的重要职能,但随着改革深入这一职能趋于弱化,这使得我们探讨市场竞争状态下国有企业对就业的真实影响成为可能。由于近年来国有企业数量总体趋于减少,宏观数据难以反映就业吸纳能力,因而本文使用2002—2013年微观企业层面的数据展开分析。结果发现,国有企业成立时规模较大,但就业增长率较低,因而会短期增进而长期拖累就业,且这一影响存在显著的行业差异。本文进一步将国有企业影响就业的途径归结为:因效率低下而产生的直接效应和政策垄断抑制本地区其他企业发展的间接效应。实证结果也支持了上述两种效应。本文的研究为深入考察国有企业的功能、促进就业、深化改革提供了经验依据。One of the targets of state-owned enterprises′ establishment is to create jobs, however,the areas where proportion of state-owned enterprises(SOEs)is relatively high are areas with higher unemployment rates. So we raise doubts about the job-creating functions of SOEs,and test our doubts empirically using micro-data about Chinese firms to verify the notion that SOEs can′t promote social employment effectively,and that the effect of SOEs on employment is different among industries. We further put forward possible reasons for SOEs:"Inefficiency effect" implying low efficiency of SOEs,"Monopoly effect" implying inhibiting development of other firms,and the empirical results also support the above effects. This study provides empirical evidence for investigating function of SOEs thoroughly,promotion of employment and deepened reform.

关 键 词：国有企业 就业 效率 垄断 

分 类 号：F276.1[经济管理—企业管理] F249.2[经济管理—国民经济]