中国沙棘花形态结构的扫描电镜观察  

Blossom anatomy of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp.sinensis Rousi

作　　者：张雪娟 张欣 王小莉 刘庆华 郭海利 张小民[1] Zhang Xuejuan;Zhang Xin;Wang Xiaoli;Liu Qinghua;Guo Haili;Zhang Xiaomin(College of Life Science,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006,China;Shanxi Jinkehai Biological Technology Co.,Ltd.,Taiyuan 030006,China;Taiyuan food and drug inspection institute,Shanxi University,Taiyuan 030006)

机构地区：[1]山西大学生命科学学院,山西太原030006 [2]太原市食品药品检验所,山西太原030006 [3]山西金科海生物科技有限公司,山西太原030006

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第3期7-13,共7页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(30770239);山西省自然科学基金(2009011048)

摘　　要：[目的]探究中国沙棘雌、雄花的表面形态结构,探讨其与功能的联系,旨在为中国沙棘授粉、育种、栽培等提供依据。[方法]通过扫描电子显微镜对中国沙棘雌雄花的苞片、花萼、雄蕊、雌蕊及花粉表面形态进行观察。[结果]雄、雌沙棘花苞片背面表皮毛由盾毛(p)、星盾毛(s-p)组成,其大小层数与苞片位置有关。苞片腹面:雄花为单层游离度高的星盾毛,雌花则为2～3层星盾毛。花萼背面:雄花为单层稀疏盾毛,尖端为2～3层弯向花蕊的盾毛;雌花则为单层稀疏缠绕的星盾毛。花萼腹面:雄花光滑无表皮毛,雌花则具单层星盾毛和星毛(s)。雄蕊表面为不规则的条纹状纹理。花柱表面为不规则圆斑状纹理,子房由2～3层盾毛包被。花粉结构为典型的三沟孔花粉。[结论]中国沙棘花表皮的种类和分布具有多样性,在抵御严寒、保护花芽安全越冬以及保护生殖器官安全发育过程中起到了至关重要的作用。[Objectives] The aims of present study were to explore the surface morphological structure of female and male flowers of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi and its relationship with function, and to provide basis for pollination, breeding and cultivation of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi.[Methods] The surface morphology of bracts, calyx, stamens, pistils, and pollen of both male and female flowers of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi were observed using scanning electron microscopy.[Results] The trichomes at the bottom of bracts of both male and female flowers were consisted of peltate hairs (P) and stellate-peltate scales (S-P), and the hair size depended on their location on the bracts. On the ventral surface of bracts, male blooms had single layer of S-P which were highly dissociated, while the female flowers had 2~3 layers of S-P. On the back of bracts, male blooms had monolayer peltate hairs with 2 to 3 layers of bent downiness on its tip shield, while female had a single layer of S-P. On the ventral surface of calyx, the male blooms showed a smoothly ventral surface without any downiness, while the female displayed a single layer of P and S-P. The surface of stamens was irregular striped texture. Style surface was irregular patchy texture, and the ovary was covered by 2~3 layers of peltate downiness. The pollen structure was a typical three-groove shape.[Conclusion] The types and construction of flower epidermis of Hippophae rhamnoides subsp. sinensis Rousi are various and play an important role in extreme cold resistance of the plants and flower buds and reproductive organs protection over winter.

关 键 词：中国沙棘花 扫描电镜 形态结构 

分 类 号：S793[农业科学—林木遗传育种]