民族区域自治州高中阶段教育普及水平及影响因素研究  

Study on the Popularization Level and Influential Factors of High School Education in China’s Autonomous Regions of Ethnic Minorities

作　　者：成刚[1,2] Cheng Gang

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部 [2]北京师范大学首都教育经济研究院

出　　处：《民族研究》2019年第1期35-45,139,共12页Ethno-National Studies

基　　金：2017年北京社科基金研究基地项目“优质均衡背景下北京市义务教育资源配置结构、共享和效益研究”(项目编号:17JDYJB024);北京市教育科学“十三五”规划2018年度优先关注课题“北京市优质教育资源有效利用模式研究”(项目编号:AEGA18013);2013年国家社科基金青年项目“内涵式发展视角下的我国高校规模、结构、质量与办学效率研究”(项目编号:13CGL121)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：普及高中阶段教育是我国教育发展的重大举措,是实现深度贫困地区脱贫,解决区域性整体贫困的重要手段。民族地区已成为普及高中阶段教育的洼地,深度贫困地区更成为关键环节和攻坚重点。本文以高中毛入学率作为衡量高中阶段教育普及水平的指标,通过分析我国30个民族区域自治州(以下称“自治州”)2006-2016年的相关数据,发现近年来自治州,包括深度贫困自治州的高中阶段教育普及水平快速增长,各州之间差距缩小,但普及水平较低,地区内部仍存在发展不均衡、普职比极不合理、校均规模小等多重发展困境。通过计量分析发现影响高中阶段教育发展的因素中,人均公共财政支出、农民纯收入等因素显著影响高中阶段教育普及水平。应采取超常规举措,因州施策,优化普职结构比例,优化布局结构,实施高中阶段教育免费政策。Popularizing high school education is a major measure for the progress of education in China.It is also an important way to lift people out of poverty in deep poverty areas and to solve regional poverty as a whole.Ethnic areas have a low popularizing rate of high school education.And the deep poverty areas are the key points of the task.This paper takes the high school gross enrollment rate as an indicator to measure the popularization level of high school education.By analyzing the data of 30 autonomous regions ethnic minorities in China from 2006 to 2016,we found that the popularization level of high school education in autonomous prefectures,especially in deep poor areas,has been increasing rapidly in recent years.However,there are still many difficulties,such as the low level of popularization,the imbalance development within the region,the unreasonable scale ratio of general high school to secondary vocational school and the small average size of the school,etc.Through econometric analysis,we found some demand and supply factors which influence the development of high school education.For example,per capita GDP,per capita public financial expenditure and farmers’net income have a significant impact on the level of education popularization in high school.Besides,there are some obvious non-economic factors in deep poverty areas.Considering the multiple characteristics of these autonomous regions of ethnic minorities,we should give priority to the areas with the weak educational foundation and to the secondary vocational schools;then we can raise the standard of subsidy and eliminate the cost of high school education;we also need to optimize educational resources and consolidate the results of nine-year compulsory education.

关 键 词：民族区域自治州 高中阶段教育 普及水平 影响因素 

分 类 号：G639.2[文化科学—教育学]