副文本与中国翻译话语的再考察(1949-1966)  

Paratext-based Reconstruction of Chinese Translation Discourse from 1949 to 1966

作　　者：耿强[1] GENG Qiang

机构地区：[1]上海海事大学外国语学院

出　　处：《天津外国语大学学报》2019年第3期118-128,F0003,共12页Journal of Tianjin Foreign Studies University

基　　金：上海市哲学社会科学规划一般课题"建国十七年(1949-1966)中国翻译话语体系研究"(2017BWY013);广东外语外贸大学亚太翻译与跨文化研究中心重点招标项目"20世纪80年代中国女性作家作品译介与中国形象的建构研究"(17APTIS02)

摘　　要：分析从翻译话语的角度考察译本的副文本对重构中国翻译话语所具有的价值和意义。通过梳理建国十七年(1949-1966)英国文学汉译本的序跋这两类副文本,对这一时期的代表性翻译理论"神化说"提出质疑。这一时期的译本序跋主要由出版者和译者负责,他们发挥意识形态守门人的功能,教育和引导读者按照社会公共话语的规范阅读文学作品。译者保持权威的批评者和谦卑的翻译者的双重姿态。理想中的翻译标准围绕着忠实、畅达、朴素、精简等话语展开。这一时期的翻译话语是社会主流或公共话语的一个有机组成部分,深受特定时期党的文艺路线、方针和政策的影响,本身并不具有明显的自主性。翻译主要承担着揭露敌人、教育群众、巩固主流意识形态的任务,它不是简单的语言文字转换的游戏,而具有浓厚的政治色彩。这一话语在改革开放后被国内学术界远离意识形态,走向美学和科学的诉求所抛弃,而"神化说"则被建构为建国十七年来具有代表性的翻译理论。This paper explores the role of paratext in the construction of Chinese translation discourse from 1949 to 1966,and reviews the translation theories of spiritual resemblance and the ultimate of transmutation through an analysis of the preface and afterword of Chinese translation of British literature.The preface and afterword of translation in this period are primarily written by the publisher and translator,who play the role of gatekeeper to educate and guide Chinese readers to interpret the translated literary works according to the political discourse.The translator is also the authoritative critics.The ideal translation standard is fidelity,smoothness,conciseness and simplicity.As an organic component of the dominant political discourse,the nonautonomous translation discourse in this period has been deeply influenced by the Communist Party’s routes,guidelines and policies concerning literature and art.Translation is used to debunk the enemy,educate the people and strengthen the dominant ideology.It is not a pure language game at all,but a powerful political weapon in defense of ideology.Translation discourse is discarded shortly after China’s reform.The domestic academia chooses to walk away from ideological criticism to aesthetics and science.The theories of spiritual resemblance and the ultimate of transmutation are the representative translation discourse in this period.

关 键 词：主流/公共话语 中国翻译话语 副文本 “神化说” 

分 类 号：H315.9[语言文字—英语]