先秦汉语的零代词  

Zero pronouns in Pre-Qin Chinese

作　　者：李佐丰[1] LI Zuofeng

机构地区：[1]中国传媒大学文学院

出　　处：《中国语文》2019年第3期259-277,382,共20页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：零代词是先秦汉语一种常见的语法单位,一般属于第三人称代词,可以用作主语、宾语和补语。零代词可以用作"其""之"不能充当的主语;用作宾语和补语时,它跟"之"存在分工,而跟"于是、于此"不同。认识零代词对于汉语史的研究有重要启示。This paper focuses on zero pronouns in Pre-Qin Chinese.The zero pronouns,distinguished from ordinary pronouns and pronoun omission,function as the subject,object or complement.It is indicated that:(1) The occurrence of a zero pronoun as a subject is probably due to the economy principle and to the fact that other third person pronouns,qi (其) and zhi (之),cannot serve as a subject;(2) Zero pronouns as the object often appear after transitive verbs in negative context although there are also a few zero pronouns in affirmative contexts or following prepositions;Besides,the situation varies with different negators such as bu (不),fu (弗),wu (勿) and wu (毋);(3) When functioning as a complement,the zero pronoun is often marked by yan (焉) and forms up structures such as " yu (于)+";It often refers to the direct object in double object construction or location although there are also cases where it refers to time,cause and comparison.Furthermore,the structure of " yu +" is also distinguished from the structures yuzhi (于之),yushi (于是),and yuci (于此).All these suggest that,in the studies of Pre-Qin Chinese,the two methodologies,description and interpretation,should be differentiated,and zero form should not be treated as non-existence.

关 键 词：零代词 弗 不 焉 汉语史研究 

分 类 号：H141[语言文字—汉语]