引进马铃薯种质资源抗旱性评价  

Evaluation of Drought Tolerance in Exotic Potato Germplasm

作　　者：秦军红[1] 张婷婷 孟丽丽[2] 徐建飞[1] 蒙美莲[2] 金黎平[1] QIN Jun-hong;ZIIANG Ting-ting;MENG Li-li;XU Jian-fei;MENG Mei-lian;JIN Li-ping(Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences / Key Laboratory of Biology and GeneticImprovement of Tuber and Root Crop, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081;Agricultural College, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所/农业农村部薯类作物生物与遗传育种重点实验室,北京100081 [2]内蒙古农业大学农学院,呼和浩特010019

出　　处：《植物遗传资源学报》2019年第3期574-582,共9页Journal of Plant Genetic Resources

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0101905);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-09)~~

摘　　要：马铃薯属于干旱敏感型作物,当前生产上的马铃薯品种多数不耐旱,中国马铃薯抗旱育种进程又受到遗传背景狭窄的制约。引进外来种质资源,拓宽我国马铃薯遗传背景,加快选育抗旱品种是马铃薯应对干旱的关键策略。2016年和2017年,在常规滴灌和雨养条件下,利用增广设计方法,以生产上常用的5个马铃薯品种为对照,对来自国际马铃薯中心的315份高代品系和中国已有的3个品种进行抗旱性评价。通过AMMI模型和GGE模型分析基因型、环境及二者互作对产量的影响,并结合抗旱指数筛选抗旱性稳定且产量高的材料。从整体上看,在雨养条件下,两年马铃薯平均产量差异较小,但是变异系数较大,常规滴灌条件下正好相反。马铃薯产量受基因型、环境及其交互作用的显著影响,其变异平方和分别占总处理平方和的43.39%、39.36%和17.26%;C93和YS902两年的抗旱指数均高于对照品种,稳产性好,C48虽然抗旱指数相对较低,但是高产和稳产性高于所有材料。筛选出来的材料不仅可以作为抗旱育种亲本,还可以通过进一步研究其抗旱机制,为抗旱育种提供理论支持。Potato is considered to be sensitive to drought due to its shallow root system.Currently,only few potato varieties with high drought tolerance were released,because of the narrow genetic base that restricts the breeding for drought tolerance.Employment of exotic potato resource might be alternative strategy to accelerate the breeding for new varieties with high drought resistance.315 advanced clones and 3 cultivated varieties were evaluated with augmented block design compared to 5 local varieties under drip irrigation and rainfed condition in 2016 and 2017.AMMI and GGE model were used to analyze the effects of genotype(G)and environment(E)on yield and combine with drought index to identify the yield potential and stability of each genotype.Under rainfed condition,the average potato yield was similar but the coef?cient variation had large difference between the two years,while under drip irrigation,the two variables showed opposite.Potato yield was affected by G,E and G by E interaction significantly,of which the sum square accounted for 43.39%,39.36% and 17.26%of total sum square.Genotypes C93 and YS902 showed highest drought tolerance in both years followed by genotype C48.Genotypes C93,YS902 and C48 could be as parent for drought breeding.Taken together,the genotypes with drought tolerance might serve as elite parental lines,which become of interest in basic and applied resources.

关 键 词：马铃薯 抗旱指数 增广设计 GGE模型 

分 类 号：S532[农业科学—作物学]