普米语示证范畴地域差异的成因分析  

Three possible causes for the geographic variation of the evidentiality of the Pumi language

作　　者：蒋颖[1] JIANG Ying(College of Chinese Minority Languages and Literatures,Minzu University of China,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中央民族大学少数民族语言文学学院,北京100081

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第3期44-51,共8页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：普米语的示证范畴主要有亲见非亲见、听说非听说等两类子范畴。但南北方言存在差异:普米语北部方言既有亲见非亲见范畴,也有听说非听说范畴,两类子范畴都具有句法上的强制性;南部方言基本没有亲见非亲见范畴,但有非强制性的听说非听说范畴。为什么同一个语法范畴在同一个语言的南北方言里出现了地域差异?文章通过普米语南北方言示证范畴的描写、对比,试对其成因进行解释。指出导致这种差异的可能有3种解释:一是南北地理分布的差异;二是语言系统自身演变的差异;三是语言接触方面的差异。文章认为,其中自身演变是主要因素,语言地理和语言接触是推动因素。The evidentiality of the Pumi language falls into the direct evidential and the reported evidential, but their use is subject to geographic variation. The northern dialect of the Pumi language has both the direct evidential and the reported evidential, which have the feature of syntactical restraint. The southern dialect of the Pumi language has no direct evidential but the reported evidential which is non-restrictive. There are three possible causes for this big difference within one language:the first is that the difference in geographical distribution between the north and the south, the second is that the evolution of the Pumi language itself might have lead to such a difference, and the third is that this difference is related to language contact. The paper holds that the evolution of the Pumi language itself is the key factor.

关 键 词：普米语 示证范畴 亲见 听说 地域差异 

分 类 号：H0-05[语言文字—语言学]