“上方下方夷”考辨——兼论白族源流与形成  

A study of “Shangfangyi” and “Xiafangyi” and the development history of the Bai ethnic group

作　　者：林超民 李婧 LIN Chao-min;LI Jing(School of History and Archives,Yunnan University,Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南大学历史与档案学院,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《云南师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第3期110-119,共10页Journal of Yunnan Normal University：Humanities and Social Sciences Edition

摘　　要：晋代云南郡有"上下方夷"。中国古代以北为上,以南为下。上方夷为洱海土著的洱海人与昆明蛮,他们聚居在洱海北部。下方夷为从外地迁来的哀牢、汉姓、僰等族类,他们聚居在洱海南部。"上方下方夷"是云南民族史上承上启下的关键环节。唐代初期,洱海区域以文化的不同区分为乌蛮、白蛮。乌白蛮与上方下方夷有联系又有区别。到唐代贞元十年以后,洱海区域的各族类融合为白族。从汉代的"西南夷"到晋代的"上下方夷",再到唐代的"乌蛮""白蛮",直至白族的形成,说明云南各民族的发展始终是一个相互依存不可分离的整体。Yunnan Prefecture in the Jin dynasty was divided into "Shangfangyi" and "Xiafangyi". In ancient China, the north was called Shangfang, while the south was called Xiafang, and "yi" referred to local ethnic groups. Shangfangyi was inhabited by the Erhai people and the Kunmingman people, both of whom were natives living in compact communities in the north of Erhai Lake. Xiafangyi was occupied by such ethnic groups as the Ailao, the Han clan and the Bo who immigrated from other places to the south of Erhai Lake. In the early Tang dynasty, the Erhai area was culturally divided into Wuman-inhabited and Baiman-inhabited areas. They were tied with Shangfangyi and Xiafangyi in different ways. A decade after the Zhenyuan Period of the Tang dynasty, the Bai ethnic group was formed through the integration of various ethnic groups in the Erhai area. The historical development from "Xinanyi" in the Han dynasty to "Shangfangyi and Xiafangyi" in the Jin dynasty and then to "Wuman" and "Baiman" in the Tang dynasty has suggested that different ethnic groups in Yunnan have always been interdependent and inseparable as a whole. The ethnic integration has been the mainstream in the history of ethnic relations as well as the basis for the unity and progress of all the ethnic groups in Yunnan.

关 键 词：上方夷、下方夷 乌蛮 白蛮 族类交融 白族形成 

分 类 号：C951[社会学—民族学]