甘蓝型油菜品种对农田土壤重金属镉与铜的富集差异研究  

Enrichment Difference of Heavy Metal Cadmium and Cuprum by Brassica napus L. in Contaminated Farmland Soil

作　　者：费维新[1] 荣松柏[1] 初明光 段劲生 江莹芬[1] 吴新杰[1] 李强生[1] 陈凤祥[1] FEI Wei-xin;RONG Song-bai;CHU Ming-guang(Crop Research Institute of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hefei Branch of National Center of Oilseed Crops Improvement,Hefei,Anhui 230031)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,国家油料作物改良中心合肥分中心,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业科学院植物保护与农产品质量安全研究所,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2019年第10期74-78,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0100202);安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(16A0205);安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队(18C0204);农业部农业科研杰出人才及其创新团队;安徽省产业技术体系(AHCYJSTX-0410)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨甘蓝型油菜品种对农田土壤中重金属镉与铜污染修复能力的差异。[方法]选用10个在生产上应用的主要油菜品种在重金属镉、铜污染区与非污染区种植,研究不同品种在两种不同背景土壤下生长期与植株部位对农田土壤中重金属镉与铜的吸收富集差异。[结果]甘蓝型油菜对土壤中的重金属镉与铜有较强的吸附与富集能力,但不同的甘蓝型油菜品种间与植株的不同部位对重金属的吸附富集能力有差异。油菜植株对镉的吸收富集主要集中在茎叶部位尤其是茎秆上,各部位富集能力依次为:茎秆>叶片>根>种籽;对铜吸收富集主要集中在根部和种籽上,各部位富集能力表现为:根>种籽>叶片>茎秆。10个甘蓝型油菜品种对重金属镉的富集能力表现较大差异,苗期秦优10号对重金属镉的富集能力最强,成熟期秦优11号与绵油11号表现出对镉的超富集能力;不同油菜品种对铜的富集能力也表现出差异,苗期秦优10号叶片的铜富集能力较强,成熟期秦优10号与浙油51种籽的铜富集能力较强。[结论]该研究可为重金属污染土壤的修复提供技术支撑。[Objective]To explore the difference of remediation ability of Brassica napus varieties to heavy metal cadmium and copper pollution in farmland soil.[Method]Ten main rapeseed cultivars were planted in heavy metal cadmium, copper contaminated areas and non- polluted areas. The difference of absorption and enrichment of different cultivars to cadmium and copper in farmland soils at different growth stages and plant locations were studied under two different soil backgrounds.[Result]Rapeseed had strong ability of adsorption and enrichment for heavy metals cadmium and cuprum in contaminated soil, but the ability of adsorption and enrichment for heavy metals was different in different rapeseed cultivars and different parts of plants. The cadmium mainly enriched in stems and leaves of rapeseed plants, especially on the stems. The enrichment ability of each part was in turn: leaves>stems> roots > seeds. The cuprum mainly enriched in roots and seeds, and the enrichment ability of each part was shown as: root > seeds > leaves > stems. Ten rapeseed varieties showed significant differences in the enrichment ability for heavy metal cadmium. In the seedling stage, the enrichment ability for heavy metal cadmium of Qinyou10 was stronger than other cultivars, while in the mature stage Qinyou11 and Mianyou11 enrichment ability for cadmium was best. The enrichment ability of copper in different rapeseed varieties also showed differences. The copper enrichment ability of Qinyou 10 was stronger in seedling stage, and the copper enrichment ability of Qinyou 10 and Zheyou 51 in mature stage was relatively higher.[Conclusion]This study can provide technical support for the repair of heavy metal contaminated soil.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 农田土壤 重金属污染 植物修复 富集能力 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]