早期马克思的“人的本质”概念研究——从《黑格尔法哲学批判》到《1844年哲学经济学手稿》  

A Study of Marx's Early Concept of "Human Nature"——From "Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right" to "Economics and Philosophic Manuscript of 1844"

作　　者：马翔 熊杰[2] MA Xiang;XIONG Jie(Nanchang Normal University,Nanchang 330032,China;WuHan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]南昌师范学院,江西南昌330032 [2]武汉大学,湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《河南科技学院学报（社会科学版）》2019年第5期12-19,共8页Journal of Henan Institute of Science and Technology

摘　　要：基于对"人的本质"理解的不同,使马克思主义与空想社会主义产生了根本性的分野。从马克思的早期文本,尤其是1843至1845年这个时期的文本而言,马克思对社会历史的认识向度,明显带有实践的意蕴和人本主义的关怀。这种哲学认识论的创新,使马克思在对"人的本质"理解中,既避免了受制于机械论的"空想社会主义"因果论的缺点,也避免了长期占据人类知识经验领域的"理念论"的形式理性的缺点。马克思如何实现从"抽象的人"向"现实个人"的回溯,应该可以从对人的异化状况的批判、对个人的主体性批判与对集体中的个人主体性的强调等方面展开思考。Different understandings of "the essence of human beings" make a fundamental distinction between Marxism and utopian socialism.As far as Marx's early texts,especially those from 1843 to 1845,are concerned, Marx's understanding of social history has obvious practical implications and humanistic concern.This innovation of philosophical epistemology makes Marx avoid the shortcomings of causality of "utopian socialism" subject to mechanical theory and formal rationality of "idealism" which has occupied the field of human knowledge and experience for a long time.Marx's retrospection from "abstract people" to "real individual" should be reflected on such aspects as the criticism of human alienation,the criticism of individual subjectivity and the emphasis on individual subjectivity in the collective.

关 键 词：人的本质 类别的存在 共同的存在 劳动 异化 

分 类 号：A811[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学]