不同覆盖层对生物滞留系统运行特性的影响  

Effect of Different Covering Layers on Performance of Bioretention System Operation

作　　者：郑爽 任萍萍 余义瑞 ZHENG Shuang;REN Pingping;YU Yirui(School of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 400074, China;CCCC First Highway Consultants Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710075, China)

机构地区：[1]重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074 [2]中交第一公路勘察设计研究院有限公司,陕西西安710075

出　　处：《净水技术》2019年第5期51-58,共8页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：重庆交通大学研究生科研创新项目(20160110);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS17200);重庆市研究生科研创新项目(CYS18219)

摘　　要：覆盖层可有效减少雨水径流中的悬浮物(TSS)对种植层填料的阻塞。对于高TSS含量的道路雨水径流而言,在生物滞留设施中构建覆盖层可延缓填料的阻塞,并避免表层土壤发生板结而造成滞留设施渗透性能的降低。研究采用椰丝(CC)、沸石(ZE)、火山岩(SC)等3种材料作为覆盖层,考察其对滤柱水力性能及其除污特性的影响,并采用递阶层次模型对不同滤柱性能进行层次分析评估,以确定具有耐堵特性且较优除污性能的覆盖层构造。结果表明,ZE和CC作为覆盖层时,滤柱的水力性能在试验期内持续下降;SC组的渗透系数稳定在(72±9.9)mm/h,滤料层表现出良好的耐堵塞特性,并具有较优的除污性能,对TSS、COD、NH4^+-N、TN、N03^--N和TP的去除率(中位数)分别可达99.8%、72.6%、99.7%、87.1%、89%和98.1%。生物滞留设施的最佳覆盖层构造为进水区采用CC,而非进水区采用SC。Overburden can effectively reduce the overhang in rainwater runoff to block the planting layer filler. For rainwater runoff with high TSS content on municipal roads, the construction of overburden in biological retention facilities can delay the blocking of fillers, and avoid the loss of permeability of bioretention caused by surface soil hardening. Three materials, including coconut fiber (CC), zeolite (ZE) and volcanic rock (SC), were used as overburden layers to investigate their effects on hydraulic performance and decontamination characteristics of filter column, so as to determine the overburden structure with plugging resistance and better decontamination performance, and conduct a hierarchical analysis of the results. The results showed that hydraulic performance of ZE and CC as covering filter column continued to decline during the trial period, while the permeability coefficient of SC group stabled in (72±9.9)mm/h, filter material layer showed good resistance to jam characteristic, and had the superior performance of decontamination. Removal rate (median) of TSS, COD, NH + 4-N, TN, NO - 3-N and TP was 99.8%, 72.6%, 99.7%, 87.1%, 89% and 98.1%, respectively. The optimal covering layers of bioretention were CC for inflow area and SC for others.

关 键 词：生物滞留 雨水径流 覆盖层 水力特性 除污性能 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]