日本幕末教育家吉田松阴的教育理念与办学实践  

The Educational Idea and Practice of Japanese Educator Yoshida Shōin in Late Tokugawa Shogunate

作　　者：朱文富[1] 郝雪 ZHU Wen-fu;HAO Xue(College of Education,Hebei University,Baoding,Hebei 071002;Development Planning and Policy Regulation Division,Hebei University of Science and Technology,Shijiazhuang,Hebei 050018,China)

机构地区：[1]河北大学教育学院,河北保定071002 [2]河北科技大学发展规划与政策法规处,河北石家庄050018

出　　处：《河北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第3期16-21,共6页Journal of Hebei University(Philosophy and Social Science)

基　　金：河北省高等学校人文社会科学研究项目"日本近世私塾教育发展研究"(SZ17031)

摘　　要：日本德川幕府统治末期,面对幕藩体制危机和民族危机,国内有志之士特别是武士阶级认识到只有改革图强才能使国家摆脱沦为半殖民地的危险。于是,以吉田松阴为代表的改革派武士,手持"尊王攘夷"的改革大旗,积极学习西方的先进知识和文化,了解世界局势,并开塾授课,通过教育培养革新人才,继承变革图强之志。吉田松阴和松下村塾作为幕末时期极具代表性的教育家和私塾,在短暂的教育活动开展中培养出了久坂玄瑞、高杉晋作、木户孝允、伊藤博文、山县有朋、井上馨等幕末维新志士和近代化领导人才,在日本教育史上留下了不朽功绩。In late Tokugawa shogunate, when facing the wide spread national crisis and shogunate system failure, the aspiring Japanese elite, especially the warrior class, began to realize only by reforming and striving for strength can the country survive the danger of becoming a semi-colony. Therefore, warrior reformists like Yoshida Shōin, upheld the flag "revere the Emperor, expelled the barbarians", actively learned the advanced knowledge and culture of the West, through which they realized the world situation. They opened schools to teach innovative thoughts to the intelligent young people who inherited their will of reforming and strengthening the country. During his short teaching time, Yoshida Shōin and Shōka Sonjuku(the most representative educators and private schools of late Tokugawa shogunate) cultivated lots of famous Meiji Restoration politicians like Kusaka Genzui, Takasugi Shinsaku, Kido Takayoshi, Itō Hirobumi, Yamagata Aritomo, Inoue Kaoru and achieved immortal accomplishments in the history of Japanese education.

关 键 词：吉田松阴 松下村塾 日本私塾教育 

分 类 号：G519[文化科学—教育学]