贫困治理中主要利益相关者的多重摩擦和调适——基于广西G村的案例分析  

The Multiple Frictions and Adjustment of Major Stakeholders in Poverty Alleviation:A Case Study of G Village in Guangxi

作　　者：陈秋红[1] 粟后发 Chen Qiuhong;Su Houfa

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院农村发展研究所 [2]北京大学社会学系

出　　处：《中国农村经济》2019年第5期72-88,共17页Chinese Rural Economy

基　　金：中国社会科学院国情调研特大项目“精准扶贫精准脱贫百村调研”的资助

摘　　要：本文以广西壮族自治区G村为例,结合乡村现实场域,从利益相关者视角,分析了包括县级政府、乡镇政府、村干部、村民等在内的利益相关者在贫困治理中的多重摩擦和调适。研究表明,第一,在精准扶贫的基层实践中,县、乡之间存在着财权管理者与事权承担者的摩擦,县、村之间表现出资源分配者与资源竞取者的摩擦,政府与村民之间有着政策制定者与政策接受者的摩擦,同时作为政府代理人与村庄当家人的村干部则需协调双重行动逻辑。第二,为推进贫困治理工作,这些主要利益相关者运用各自的策略在部分摩擦方面实现了调适:在贫困治理政策宣传中,通过基层政府正式传达与村干部非正式沟通的结合,实现了政策动员;在贫困治理政策落实中,在资源有限的情况下,村干部通过“跑项目”与整合使用项目资金来加强基础设施建设,在“压力型体制”下通过“灵活变通”来推动产业扶贫实践;在扶贫检查中,自查中的“合谋”与抽查中的数字化评估削减了相关利益主体间的摩擦。因此,在贫困治理实践中,应注重回应各相关利益主体的需要,并构建和完善相关协调机制,从而降低摩擦成本,实现各自调适行动的效率最大化。This article conducts a case study of G village in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region and analyzes the multiple frictions and adjustment actions of stakeholders in poverty management,including county-level government,township government,village cadres,and villagers.The study shows that,firstly,in the grassroots practice of targeted poverty alleviation,there exists frictions between county-level government as financial managers and township governments as undertakers of administrative affairs,between county-level government as resource distributors and village organizations as resource competitors,and between governments as policy makers and villagers as policy recipients,while village cadres have to play a dual role of government agents and village leaders.Secondly,in order to promote poverty alleviation,these main stakeholders have adopted their own strategies to address frictions.The policy mobilization has been achieved through the combination of formal instructions from grassroots governments and informal communications with village cadres in the process of advocacy of poverty alleviation policies.In the implementation level,faced with limited resources,village cadres have strengthened infrastructure construction by“running for projects”and using project funds in an integrated way,and promoted poverty alleviation through“flexible adaptation”under“the pressure-based system”.Therefore,in the practice of poverty alleviation,relevant communication and coordination mechanisms should be constructed and improved based on the needs of stakeholders,in order to reduce frictional costs and maximize the efficiency of their adjustment actions.

关 键 词：贫困治理 利益相关者 摩擦 调适 

分 类 号：F301.4[经济管理—产业经济]