4种多环芳烃对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)原肠胚发育的急性毒性研究  

Acute Toxicity of Four Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons to the Development of Apostichopus japonicus Gastrointestinal Embryo

作　　者：董雪纯 魏海峰 刘长发[1,2] Dong Xuechun;Wei Haifeng;Liu Changfa(Key Laboratory of Offshore Marine Environment Science and Technology in Liaoning Province,Dalian 116023,China;Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省近岸海洋环境科学与技术重点实验室,大连116023 [2]大连海洋大学,大连116023

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2019年第1期161-167,共7页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：海洋公益性行业科研专项经费(No:201305002);国家海洋局海洋溢油鉴别与损害评估技术重点实验室开放课题(No:201309,201809);国家海洋局近岸海域生态环境重点实验室(No:201013);辽宁省教育厅服务地方项目(2017);大连海洋大学农业农村部北方海水增养殖重点实验室基金(No:2018-KF-21)

摘　　要：海洋中的多环芳烃(PAHs)具有较强的生物毒性,且海洋动物早期发育阶段是对环境因素变化响应的最敏感阶段。为探究海洋多环芳烃类有机污染物对仿刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)早期发育阶段原肠胚的毒性影响,采用半静态毒性实验方法,分别考察了4种多环芳烃苯并[a]芘、3-甲基菲、惹烯及2-甲基蒽对仿刺参原肠胚的24、48、72、96h急性毒性效应。结果表明,在10、50、100、200μg·L^-1暴露浓度下,随着暴露时间的延长和暴露浓度的升高,4种多环芳烃对仿刺参原肠胚产生不同程度的急性毒性效应,仿刺参原肠胚存活率与4种多环芳烃浓度之间分别存在显著的剂量-效应关系(P<0.05)。苯并[a]芘对仿刺参原肠胚在24、48h的半致死浓度(LC50)分别为294.4、225.64mg·L^-1,3-甲基菲在24、48、72、96h的LC50分别为404.5、300.7、81.4、17.6mg·L^-1,惹烯在24、48、72h的LC50分别为243.1、230、186mg·L^-1,2-甲基蒽在24、48、72、96h的LC50分别244、231.6、152.6、142.9mg·L^-1。4种多环芳烃的安全浓度(SC)分别为39.76、49.8、61.8、62.6μg·L^-1,其毒性大小顺序为苯并[a]芘>3-甲基菲>惹烯>2-甲基蒽。基于定量构效关系(QSAR)的研究结果可知多环芳烃化合物的毒性差异可能与分子结构等性质有关。该实验为深入研究多环芳烃对海洋环境的毒性效应提供了理论依据。Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine environment have strong biological toxicity,and particularly the early development stage of marine animals is the most sensitive stage to environmental factors.As such,gastrula of Apostichopus japonicus was exposed to benzo [a] pyrene,3-methylphenanthrene,retene and 2-methylanthracene to study the toxic effects of PAHs on the marine animals.Acute toxic effects for the gastrula of Apostichopus japonicus were measured after 24,48,72,96 h by semi-static toxicity test method.Results showed that a significant dose-effect relationship between the survival rate and the concentrations ( P <0.05) was observed under the exposure concentrations of 10,50,100,200 μ g·L^-1.The semi-lethal concentration (LC50 ) of benzo [a] pyrene on gastrula of Apostichopus japonicus at 24 and 48 h was 294.4 and 225.64 mg·L^-1.The LC 50 of 3-methylphenanthrene was 404.5,300.7,81.4 and 17.6 mg·L^-1 at 24,48,72,96 h;the LC50 of retene was 243.1,230 and 186 mg·L^-1 at 24,48 and 72 h;the LC 50 of 2-methylanthracene was 244,231.6,152.6 and 142.9 mg·L^-1 at 24,48,72 and 96 h,respectively.The safe concentrations (SC) of four PAHs were 39.76,49.8,61.8 and 62.6 μ g·L^-1,respectively.The toxicity of four PAHs followed as benzo [a] pyrene > 3-methylphenanthrene > retene > 2-methylanthracene.Based on the study of quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) in environmental toxicology,the differences in the toxicity of PAHs may be related to the molecular structure and other properties.This experiment provides a theoretical basis for the further study of the toxic effects of PAHs on the marine environment.

关 键 词：多环芳烃 仿刺参 急性毒性 半致死浓度 安全浓度 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]