鱼外渔场海洋生物体内重金属和多环芳烃含量水平与食用风险评价  

Occurrence and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Marine Organisms from Yuwai Fishing Ground

作　　者：彭菲 尹杰 王茜 倪天皓 林军 李娟英 Peng Fei;Yin Jie;Wang Qian;Ni Tianhao;Lin Jun;Li Juanying(College of Marine Ecology and Environment,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East Shanghai High School,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学海洋生态与环境学院,上海201306 [2]上海中学东校,上海201306

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2019年第1期168-179,共12页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：上海市科委项目-近海养殖环境中有机污染物的仿生检测及原位修复研究与示范(18050502100)

摘　　要：本文对2018年2月采自东海鱼外渔场的海洋生物(包括鱼类、头足类和甲壳类)体内的5种重金属(Cu、Pb、Cr、As、Cd)和16种多环芳烃(PAHs)的残留水平进行了测定,分析了污染物在生物体内的累积特性并计算了潜在的食用风险,并结合氮稳定同位素技术,初步探讨了生物体内重金属和PAHs的营养级传递特性。结果表明:5种重金属在生物中的平均浓度表现为Cu>Pb>Cr>As>Cd;参照我国《食品中污染物限量》和《无公害食品水产品中有毒有害物质限量》,重金属Cu、Cd和Cr均未超过食用标准,但Pb和As的超标现象较为严重。与世界其他范围海域生物体内重金属浓度相比,该渔场生物体内Cu和Pb浓度较高。∑PAHs的平均浓度为283ng·g^-1dw,以低环PAHs(2~3环)占比较大,且主要贡献单体为萘(NAP),总体处于较低污染水平。海洋生物对重金属的富集能力较PAHs高,尤其对Cu的富集最为明显。但风险计算结果表明,重金属和PAHs都不会对消费者的人体健康产生明显风险。重金属Cu和Cd浓度随营养级的升高出现了稀释现象,但重金属Pb、Cr、As和PAHs的营养传递特性不明显,覆盖完整食物链的污染物营养传递特性有待进一步深入研究。The concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the marine organisms (including fish,cephalopod and crustacean) collected from the Yuwai Fishing Ground in the Eastern China Sea during February 2018 were investigated,to specify the bioaccumulation potentials of the heavy metals and PAHs in the analyzed organisms and dietary risk via these seafood consumption.Furthermore,combined with nitrogen stable isotope techniques,the nutrient-level transfer characteristics of heavy metals and PAHs in the collected organisms were reported and discussed.The results showed that the average concentrations of heavy metals in the organisms were in a decreasing order of Cu,Pb,Cr,As and Cd.According to the criteria for food safety of China,the concentrations of Cu,Cd and Cr fell in the acceptable ranges,while the concentrations of Pb and As exceeded the safety guidelines for food significantly.The concentrations of Cu and Pb in the fishery organisms were found to be higher than those of the organisms in other parts of the world.The average concentration of ∑PAHs was 283 ng ·g^-1 dw,with the low-ring PAHs (2-3 rings) accounting for a large proportion.The main contributing PAH congener was naphthalene (NAP),which was generally at a lower pollution level.The bioaccumulation potentials of heavy metals in these marine organisms were higher than those of PAHs.However,the results of risk assessment showed that heavy metals and PAHs would not pose significant risks to consumers.Generally,the concentrations of Cu and Cd decreased with increasing of trophic levels,but the nutrient transfer characteristics of Pb,Cr,As and PAHs were unclear.The nutrient transfer characteristics of the pollutants in the whole marine food chain warrant further study.

关 键 词：重金属 多环芳烃 海洋生物 生物富集 食用风险 鱼外渔场 

分 类 号：X171.5[环境科学与工程—环境科学]