“常常”和“往往”的主观性差异及其句法表现  

On Subjectivity Differences and Syntactic Expressions Between “Chang Chang” and “Wang Wang”

作　　者：王勤[1] 李小军[1] WANG Qin;LI Xiaojun(School of Chinese Language and Literature,Jiangxi Normal University,Nanchang,Jiangxi 330022,China)

机构地区：[1]江西师范大学文学院

出　　处：《江西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2019年第3期75-83,共9页Journal of Jiangxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：江西省教育科学规划重点项目“汉语表频副词近义词辨析与研究——基于汉语国际教育留学生教学实践”(编号:18ZD006);国家社科基金重点项目“汉语语法化词库编制及语法化模式研究”(编号:15AYY010)

摘　　要：“常常”“往往”是汉语中常见的频率副词。文章从句法形式、语义特征、历时演变等角度论证了二者的语义差异:“常常”表次数多,具有客观性特征;“往往”表大概率,具有主观性特征。“往往”的主观性特征导致了“高于预期”义与“反预期”义的凸显。文章分析了“高于预期”与“反预期”等语义特征的认知基础与句法表现,并认为上述语义特征是“往往”未能发展为典型的认识情态的重要原因。“Chang Chang” and “Wang Wang” are two common adverbs denoting frequency in the Chinese language.This paper demonstrates their semantic differences in terms of their syntactic forms,semantic features and diachronic evolution.“Chang Chang” means many times,possessing the feature of objectivity,while “Wang Wang” means large possibility featuring subjectivity,which leads to the prominence of the semantic features of “higher than expected” and “counter-expectation”.By further analyzing their cognitive basis and syntactic performance,we conclude that the above semantic features are one of the significant reasons why “Wang Wang” fails to develop into a typical epistemic modality.

关 键 词：“常常” “往往” 主观性 语义演变 认识情态 

分 类 号：H146.2[语言文字—汉语]