世界一流大学的类型、特征与趋势——基于三大全球大学排行榜(2013—2016年)的实证研究  

Types,Characteristics and Trends of World-Class Universities:An Empirical Study Based on Three Global University Rankings (2013—2016)

作　　者：郑浩[1] 刘贤伟[2] ZHENG Hao;LIU Xianwei(Institution of Higher Education,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100083,China;Institution of Higher Education,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100022,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学高等教育研究院,北京100083 [2]北京工业大学高等教育研究所,北京100022

出　　处：《北京航空航天大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第3期117-123,共7页Journal of Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics：Social Sciences edition Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金2016年应急管理项目(71641008)

摘　　要：基于2013—2016年三大全球大学排行榜的数据,运用多维标度分析、聚类分析等技术,分析了世界一流大学的类型、特征和发展趋势。研究发现,世界一流大学可以分成两个大类和四个亚类,分别代表了不同的办学类型;在发展趋势上,呈现出"重视教学,平衡发展""重视科研,重点突破""单一化发展"等不同趋势。其中,教育教学质量是区分一流大学类型和实现"转型发展"的关键。中国"双一流建设"应更加关注教育质量,防止追赶排名而出现"重科研轻教学"的倾向。Based on the data of the three global university rankings(2013-2106),and using the multidimensional scaling analysis and clustering analysis,the types,features and development trends of the World-Class Universities are discovered.The findings in this article include:the World-Class universities can be divided into two types and four subtypes,and each of them respectively represents different characteristics of universities;the development trends show a steady pluralism and attach importance to scientific research and different development trends;the education and teaching quality is the key core and bottleneck of World-Class Universities,especially when they are ready to achieve the transformation of development.The“double top construction”in China should pay more attention to the quality of education,never neglecting the nature of university education,and should avoid the unhealthy tendencies of giving far more priority to scientific research rather than to teaching in pursuit of rankings.

关 键 词：世界一流大学 大学排行榜 多维标度分析 教学质量 均衡发展 

分 类 号：G647[文化科学—高等教育学]