哈尔滨市头胎儿童心理行为及影响因素研究  

Behavioral and emotional health and associated factors among first-born children in Harbin

作　　者：王苗[1] 于得澧 朱立婉 王哲[1] 马龙 崔晶 王忆军[1] WANG Miao;YU Deli;ZHULiwan;WANG Zhe;MA Long;CUI Jing;WANG Yijun(Department of Child and Adolescent Health, Public Health College of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学儿童少年卫生和妇幼保健学教研室,黑龙江150081 [2]哈尔滨市妇幼保健院 [3]齐齐哈尔医学院附属第一医院 [4]大连市妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2019年第5期700-703,共4页Chinese Journal of School Health

摘　　要：目的了解家长抚养方式、家庭环境等对头胎儿童与独生儿童心理行为的影响,明确头胎儿童与独生儿童行为及影响行为因素的差异。方法对哈尔滨市幼儿园头胎儿童(二胎已生育家庭)与独生儿童(同性别、同班级、出生日期相差不超过3个月的独生儿童1∶1配对)共156对的家长进行问卷调查,内容包括Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、父母抚养行为问卷(CRPR)及家庭功能评定量表(FAD)。结果头胎儿童与独生儿童心理行为总分分别为(17.88±5.93)(19.13±6.01),差异无统计学意义(t=-0.74,P>0.05),两组家长焦虑、抑郁发生率差异无统计学意义(χ~2值分别为0.51,0.40,P值均>0.05)。在抚养方式上,头胎儿童父母的接纳和鼓励成就得分高于独生儿童父母,差异有统计学意义(t值分别为2.10,2.12,P值均<0.05);在家庭功能方面,两组家庭差异无统计学意义(t=-0.43,P>0.05)。儿童心理行为问题得分与家长焦虑情绪、抑郁情绪、家长抚养方式及家庭功能有关。线性回归分析显示,头胎儿童行为问题主要受同胞关系影响(B=8.74),独生儿童行为问题主要受家庭角色功能影响(B=1.27)。结论头胎儿童与独生儿童的心理行为问题没有差别,但和谐的同胞关系、家长良好的情绪、适宜的抚养方式和健全的家庭功能可以减少儿童心理行为问题的发生。Objective To compare behavioral and emotional health among first-born children and the only-child in Harbin, as well as associated factors including parents, family background, parenting and family environment. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted for 156 parents of first-born children and the only-children, matched in age(<3 months), class and gender. Achenbach Child behavior scale(CBCL), the Self-evaluation of Anxiety Scale(SAS), the Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS), the Parents Rearing Behavior Questionnaire(CRPR) and the Family Assessment Device Scale(FAD) were used. Results There was no statistically significant difference in the scores of each dimension of children’s emotional and behavioral health between the two groups(17.88±5.93)(19.13±6.01),total score(t=-0.74,P>0.05). There was no statistical difference in anxiety and depression between the two groups of parents(χ^2=0.51,0.40,P>0.05);In terms of parenting style, the acceptance and encouragement achievement score for first-born children was significantly higher than that of the only child(t=2.10,2.12, P<0.05). In terms of family functions, there was no statistical difference in total function(t=-0.43, P>0.05). Behavioral problems associated with parents’ anxiety, depression, parental rearing style and family function. Regression analysis showed that behavioral problems were mainly affected by sibling relationship for first-born children(B=8.74) and family role function for the only child(B=1.27). Conclusion No significant differences in behavioral and emotional health between first-born child and the only child are observed. However, harmonious sibling relationship, emotionally supportive parents and home environment could help improving behavioral and emotional health.

关 键 词：精神卫生 行为 回归分析 儿童 

分 类 号：B844.1[哲学宗教—发展与教育心理学] R179[哲学宗教—心理学]