精准扶贫背景下云南少数民族山区农村居民点空间格局演变  

Spatial pattern evolution of rural settlements in mountainous areas of ethnic minorities in Yunnan Province under background of precise poverty alleviation

作　　者：张天柱 张凤荣 谢臻 黄敬文 Zhang Tianzhu;Zhang Fengrong;Xie Zhen;Huang Jingwen(College of Land Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China;Key Laboratory for Agricultural Land Quality,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院,北京100193 [2]自然资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2019年第9期246-254,共9页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41271111);天津市科技发展战略研究计划项目(17ZLZXZF00170)

摘　　要：为合理确定山区农村居民点的优化布局方向,科学指导山区农村居民点土地整治和新农村建设,该文以2018年脱贫的原国家级贫困县云南省寻甸回族彝族自治县为研究区,综合运用遥感解译、GIS分析、景观形状指数模型等方法,从空间、规模与形态等方面研究2001-2017年农村居民点的演变特征及其影响因素。研究表明:1)在规模形态方面,农村居民点的演变主要表现为:整体规模扩展显著,景观形状趋于规则,平均斑块规模增大;2)在空间分布方面,农村居民点向地形条件优越地区集聚的特征愈发明显。核密度和聚类检验的分析结果表明,农村居民点斑块规模空间分异明显,分布形态由小规模分散式逐渐向大规模集聚式发展;3)自然地理因素是影响山区农村居民点分布格局的基本因素,而社会经济因素、区位因素以及政策因素是促使其空间分布变化的重要因素。该研究可对地质灾害频发的西南边疆贫困山区的农村的脱贫攻坚工作提供一定的实践指导作用,并为其农村居民点空间布局优化提供科学的理论依据。At present, there are still a large number of poverty-stricken counties in the western part of China. Although the government has recently increased financial support for rural areas, and the policy guidelines have been steadily tilting toward rural areas, especially poor rural areas, rural poverty is still difficult to resolve. In order to reasonably determine the optimal layout direction of rural settlements in poor mountainous areas, and put forward some scientific guidance in the rural land remediation and new rural construction in mountainous areas, this paper took Xundian Hui and Yi Autonomous County, a former national poverty-stricken county that was out of poverty in 2018, as a research area, and used the methods of remote sensing interpretation, GIS analysis, landscape shape index model, buffer analysis, Kernel density estimation and Getis-Ord Gi* to study the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of rural settlements in Xundian County from 2001 to 2017 in terms of space, scale and form. The research results showed that: 1) During 2001-2017, there were some changes in the scale, density, shape and spatial distribution of rural settlements in Xundian County. The main changes were as follows: from 2001 to 2017, the overall scale of rural settlements had expanded significantly, the landscape shape tended to be regular, and the average patch size increased;the characteristics of rural settlements clustering in areas with superior terrain were becoming more and more obvious. The analysis results of kernel density and Getis-Ord Gi* showed that the spatial divergence characteristics of rural settlements patch scales were apparent, and the distribution patterns were gradually expanding from small-scale decentralization to large-scale clustering;2) The natural geographical factors such as geological and topographical conditions were the basic factors that influencing the distribution pattern of rural settlements in mountainous areas. The basic pattern of spatial distribution of rural settlements in mo

关 键 词：土地利用 农村 优化 农村居民点 演变 脱贫 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济]