强烈度火后喀纳斯泰加林草本层物种丰富度和地上生物量变化  

Variations in Species Richness and Aboveground Biomass of Herbaceous Layer among Different Communities after Severe Fires in Kanas Taiga

作　　者：刘小菊 潘存德[1] LIU Xiaoju;PAN Cunde(Collage of Forestry and Horticulture,Xinjiang Agricultural University ,Urumqi 830052,China;Landscape Technical Faculty,Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical College,Changji 831100,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆农业职业技术学院园林科技学院,新疆昌吉831100

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第5期873-880,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31570634);新疆农业职业技术学院科研项目(XJNZYKJ201712)

摘　　要：以喀纳斯泰加林强烈火干扰后40年的森林群落为研究对象,探讨不同森林群落草本层物种丰富度和地上生物量的变化,为喀纳斯泰加林火成演替群落草本层的碳汇功能以及物种多样性的研究提供参考。结果表明,(1)6个森林群落草本层物种丰富度大小依次为:I西伯利亚云杉(Picea obovata)+疣枝桦(Betula pendula)-红果越桔(Vaccinium hirtum)-黑穗苔草(Carex atrata)+老芒麦群落(Elymus sibiricus)(26.0±1.6)、Ⅱ疣枝桦+西伯利亚云杉-红果越桔+大叶绣线菊(Spiraeachamaedryfolia)-黑穗苔草群落(25.1±1.4)、Ⅳ西伯利亚红松(Pinus sibirica)+西伯利亚落叶松(Larix sibirica)-红果越桔+北极花(Linnaea borealis)-老芒麦+寄奴花(Cerastium pauciflorum)群落(22.2±2.2)、Ⅴ西伯利亚落叶松-红果越桔+阿尔泰忍冬(Lonicera caerulea)-细叶野豌豆(Vicia tenuifolia)+老芒麦群落(21.6±1.5)、Ⅲ西伯利亚落叶松+疣枝桦-红果越桔+密刺蔷薇(Rosa spinosissima)-黑穗苔草+寄奴花群落(21.2±1.3)、Ⅵ西伯利亚落叶松+西伯利亚云杉-红果越桔-老芒麦+黑穗苔草群落(19.3±2.5);地上生物量排序为:Ⅰ(0.853±0.015)t·hm^-2>Ⅴ(0.719±0.033)t·hm^-2>Ⅵ(0.639±0.021)t·hm^-2>Ⅳ(0.596±0.023)t·hm^-2>Ⅱ(0.568±0.023)t·hm^-2>Ⅲ(0.478±0.017)t·hm^-2,凋落物生物量与草本层地上生物量和物种丰富度的变化趋势不同,3个变量在不同森林群落间都存在显著差异(P<0.05)。在阔叶针叶林林分经针叶阔叶林转向针叶混交林过程中,草本层地上生物量递增,而草本层物种丰富度的最大值出现在针叶阔叶林中。草本层地上总生物量与其物种丰富度不相关,杂草地上生物量随着物种丰富度的提高而增加。草本层生物量受到郁闭度的影响,草本层物种丰富度的提高受凋落物积累的限制;禾本科和莎草科的生长受土壤养分影响显著。研究表明,喀纳斯泰加林强烈度火后40年的针叶阔叶林有利于提高草本层的地上碳储量In this study,six forest communities were selected to indicate the variations of species richness and aboveground biomass of herbaceous layer after severe forest fires of 40 years ago in Kanas Taiga.The results showed that the species richness of herbaceous layer differed among different communities.Betula pendula+Picea obovate-Vaccinium hirtum-Carex atrata+Elymus sibiricus community(I)had the highest species richness in herbaceous layer(26.0±1.6),whereas the intermediate in B.pendula+P.obovate-V.hirtum+Spiraea chamaedryfolia-C.atrata+Cerastium bungeanum(Ⅱ)(25.1±1.4),Pinus sibirica+L.sibirica-V.hirtum+Linnaes borealis-E.sibiricus+C.bungeanum(Ⅳ)(22.2±2.2),L.sibirica-V.hirtum+Lonicera caerulea-Vicia tenuifolia+E.sibiricus)(Ⅴ)(21.6±1.5)and Larix sibirica+B.pendula-V.hirtum+Rosa spinosissima-C.atrata+Eremosyne pectinate(Ⅲ)(21.2±1.3),the smallest in L.sibirica+P.obovate-V.hirtum-E.sibiricus+C.atrata(Ⅵ)(19.3±2.5).Analogously,I had the highest aboveground biomass among six forest communities(0.853±0.015)t·hm^-2,whereas the intermediate inⅤ(0.719±0.033)t·hm^-2,Ⅵ(0.639±0.021)t·hm^-2,Ⅳ(0.596±0.023)t·hm^-2,andⅡ(0.568±0.023)t·hm^-2,the smallest inⅢ(0.478±0.017)t·hm^-2.Litter biomass had an opposite variation tendency with aboveground biomass and species richness in herbaceous layer among six forest communities.Litter biomass,aboveground biomass and species richness all significantly differed among six forest communities(P<0.05).Aboveground biomass of herbaceous layer increased with the transition from broad-leaved coniferous forest to coniferous mixed forest,whereas species richness had a different pattern.The maximum of species richness of herbaceous layer appeared in the coniferous broad-leaved forest.Aboveground biomass did not relate significantly to species richness in herbaceous layer,whereas aboveground biomass of weeds increased with species richness.Stand coverage had a significant effect on the aboveground biomass of herbaceous layer.Litter accumulation restrained the increase

关 键 词：泰加林 草本层 物种丰富度 地上生物量 凋落物 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学] X17[环境科学与工程—环境科学]