兰州市交通道路主要乔灌木植物叶片重金属积累及生理特性的分析  

Analyses of Heavy Metal Accumulation and Physiological Characteristics in Leaves of Main Arbor and Shrub Plants in Traffic Roads of Lanzhou City

作　　者：李晶[1] 徐玉玲 黎桂英 冯巩俐 蒋晓煜 司廉邦 杨颖丽[1] LI Jing;XU Yuling;LI Guiying;FENG Gongli;JIANG Xiaoyu;SI Lianbang;YANG Yingli(College of Life Sciences,Northwest Normal University,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学生命科学学院

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2019年第5期999-1006,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31470464)

摘　　要：通过分析兰州市某交通线路两侧绿化植物叶片金属含量及其相关性,叶绿素和渗透性调节物含量的变化,探究交通线路活动造成的植物重金属污染特征及其对绿化植物生理特性的影响,为筛选适应道路环境的绿化植物提供理论依据。结果表明:在不同道路环境中植物体内重金属含量有明显的差异,路侧植物灌木月季(Rosa chinensis)、乔木冬青(Ilex chinensis)、槐树(Sophora japonica)、梧桐(Firmiana platanifolia)和碧桃(Amygdalus persica var.persica)的Cr、Pb、Ni和Zn积累量高,如冬青叶片Cr达到2.11 mg·kg^-1,月季叶片Pb为9.14 mg·kg^-1,Ni在碧桃和槐树叶片中的积累量分别为28.48 mg·kg^-1和26.42 mg·kg^-1,十字交叉采样点的乔灌木植物Pb、Cr、Mn、Ni和Zn积累量比较高,这可能与十字路口有较多的车流量或交通活动频繁有关系。相关性和逐步回归分析表明,交通线路路侧植物体内Cr-Pb、Cr-Zn、Cr-Ca、Pb-Ni、Pb-Fe和Mn-Ni元素之间的相关性表现为显著正相关。在所有绿化植物中,松柏叶绿素含量最低,路侧槐树和碧桃的叶绿素含量最高;与对照点植物相比,路侧冬青和槐树叶片叶绿素含量显著升高,而月季叶片叶绿素含量明显降低。此外,路侧重金属含量高的环境下槐树和碧桃叶片中的脯氨酸含量高,分别达到81.42μg·g^-1和91.11μg·g^-1,月季叶片积累可溶性糖增加,说明不同的绿化植物可能在不同的重金属环境中积累不同的渗透性调节物,以维持细胞渗透性平衡从而抵抗重金属胁迫。This study analyzed metal contents and their correlation,and the amount of chlorophyll and osmotic regulators in leaves of green plants on both sides of a traffic line in Lanzhou City,in order to explore the characteristics of heavy metal pollution of plants and the effects on the physiological characteristics of green plants caused by traffic routes,and to provide a certain theoretical basis for screening green plants adapting to the road environment.The results showed that heavy metal contents had obvious differences in green plants at different road environments.Cadmium(Cr),lead(Pb),nickel(Ni)and zinc(Zn)in rose(Rosa chinensis),holly(Ilex chinensis),pagoda tree(Sophora japonica),phoenix tree(Firmiana platanifolia)and flowering peach(Amygdalus persica L.var.persica was accumulated,among them,Cr content of winter holly leaves reached 2.11 mg·kg^-1,and Pb content of rose leaves was 9.14 mg·kg^-1,Ni content in leaves of peach and eucalyptus was 28.48 mg·kg^-1 and 26.42 mg·kg^-1,respectively.And also,the accumulation of Pb,Cr,Mn,Ni and Zn in greening plants at the cross-sampling point road plants was relatively high,which might contact with traffic flow and traffic activities.The results from the analyses of correlation and stepwise regression showed that the correlation between Cr and Pb,Cr and Zn,Cr and Ca,Pb and Ni,Pb and Fe and Mn and Ni elements was significantly positive correlated in the roadside plants.Among all green plants,chlorophyll content was the lowest in cypress,and the highest in eucalyptus and peach at roadsides.Compared with the control plants,chlorophyll content of holly and eucalyptus by the roadside significantly increased,while this parameter of the rose was significantly reduced.Additionally,proline content in tleaves of pagoda tree and flowering peach increased with high heavy metal content of the environment,reaching 81.42μg·g^-1 and 91.11μg·g^-1,and the accumulation of soluble sugar increased in rose leaves,which indicated that different greening plants might accumulate different

关 键 词：重金属 绿化植物 叶绿素 渗透性调节物 

分 类 号：X173[环境科学与工程—环境科学]