贵州福泉分布桃花水母的形态特征及分子鉴定  

Morphological Characteristics and Molecular Identification of Craspedacusta in Fuquan, Guizhou

作　　者：陶莎 姚俊杰[1] 杨梅[1] 谭华 石让安 TAO Sha;YAO Jun-Jie;YANG Mei;TAN Hua;SHI Rang-An(Institute of Fisheries Resources and Environment,Guizhou University,Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics,Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region,Ministry of Education,Guiyang 550025;Fuquan County Aquaculture Techniques Station of Guizhou Province,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学渔业资源与环境研究所高原山地动物遗传育种与繁殖教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省福泉县水产站,贵阳550025

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2019年第3期362-374,共13页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：贵州省黔西南特色产业扶持与生态修复协同创新中心平台建设项目(黔科合2016-18);贵州省水产产业体系项目(No.GZCYTZX2013-011)

摘　　要：2017年10月,在贵州省福泉县发现了桃花水母(Craspedacusta)。观察其形态结构,福泉的桃花水母与索氏桃花水母(C. sowerbyi)高度相似。采用PCR和DNA测序技术扩增和测定了福泉采集桃花水母的核糖体小亚基rRNA基因(18SrRNA)、核糖体RNA基因内转录间隔区(ITS)及线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基基因(COI),并与GenBank上已有的桃花水母18S rRNA、ITS、COI基因序列进行了比对。分子鉴定结果显示,福泉的桃花水母18SrRNA、ITS、COI基因序列与索氏桃花水母相似度分别为100%、92%、99%,确定贵州省福泉市发现的桃花水母样品在种分类水平上为索氏桃花水母。并就桃花水母的某些形态学分类指标的标准、不同伞径之间的差值是否能作为桃花水母形态分类的一个新指标这些问题做了讨论。In October 2017, some Craspedacustas were discovered in Fuquan County, Guizhou province. In order to determine its taxonomy, we first observed and measured its morphological structures,and then amplified and sequenced its 18S rRNA, ITS and COI by PCR and DNA sequencing,, then finally compared its 18S rRNA, ITS and COI gene sequences with other Craspedacustas’ gene sequences in GenBank. The results showed that the umbrella diameter, level of tentacles, shape of statocyst and other morphology structures of Craspedacusta in Fuquan were highly similar to those of Craspedacusta sowerbyi (Table 1 and Table 5);the 18S rRNA and COI sequences of Craspedacusta in Fuquan was highly similar to those of C. sowerbyi (KY077287.1, MF000493.1), and the similarity rates were 100%, 99% respectively;the ITS sequences of Craspedacusta in Fuquan was highly similar to that of C. ziguiensis (AY513637.1), and the similarity rate was 99%. The genetic distances of 18s rRNA, ITS, COI gene sequences between Craspedacusta in Fuquan and C. sowerbyi were 0.001, 0.023, 0.012 respectively (Table 2﹣4). Based on 18s rRNA and COI gene region,the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) trees showed that Craspedacusta in Fuquan was the same species with C. sowerbyi;Based on ITS gene region,the NJ trees showed that Craspedacusta in Fuquan was the same species with C. ziguiensis (Fig. 6﹣8). Taken consideration of all the results of morphological observation and molecular identification, we determined that the Craspedacusta in Fuquan, Guizhou province was C. sowerbyi. We discussed some standards of morphological structure index of Craspedacusta, the possibility of using difference between umbrella diameters as a new classification standard in morphological taxonomy and give some opinions on methods for analyzing morphological structure.

关 键 词：桃花水母 形态学 18S RRNA ITS COI 

分 类 号：Q959[生物学—动物学]