程序性违法的量刑补偿机制研究  

Research on the Sentence Compensation Mechanism of Procedural Violations

作　　者：吴宏耀[1] 赵常成 Wu Hongyao;Zhao Changcheng(National Institute of Legal Aid of China University of Political Science and Law;China university of political science and law;National Institute of Legal Aid)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学国家法律援助研究院 [2]中国政法大学

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2019年第3期49-68,共20页Journal of National Prosecutors College

摘　　要：在我国司法实践中,作为违法取证行为的程序性制裁手段,非法证据排除规则并没有取得预期的实践效果。对此,研究者多将其归因于外在的体制因素。但是,也必须承认,在适用上,因非法证据排除规则具有"全有抑或全无"的特点,在一定程度上影响了裁判者诉诸该项制裁手段的积极性。在各国司法实践中,为弥补以非法证据排除规则为代表的程序性制裁机制的内在缺陷,对于不甚严重的程序违法行为,更倾向于将从轻量刑作为程序性违法的救济方式。这一替代性救济方式允许裁判者根据个案违法情形灵活调整救济的幅度,从而有效缓解了"程序性制裁成本过高"的心理压力。因而,从轻量刑已经逐渐成为一种世界各国普遍接受的司法实践。作为一种实践理性,从轻量刑不仅能够实现救济体系的"梯级化",而且有助于提高法官诉诸程序性制裁的积极性,激发被告人寻求程序保护的动力。在理论上,从轻量刑的司法实践体现的是一种兼顾程序正义与实质正义的量刑补偿机制。这一机制在法理基础、功能主义、刑罚效果三个维度上均具有正当性,存在进一步进行制度化建构的理论与实践价值。In the judicial practice of our country,as a procedural sanction for illegal evidence collection,the Exclusionary Rule has not achieved the expected practical effects. In this regard,many researchers have attributed it to external institutional factors. However,it should also be acknowledged that,in application,the Exclusionary Rule has the characteristics of "all or nothing",which affects the willingness of judges for resorting to the sanctions. In the judicial practice of various countries,in order to make up for the inherent defects of the Procedural Sanction Mechanism represented by the Exclusionary Rule,they have been more inclined to adopt sentence reduction as a remedy for less serious procedural violations. This alternative remedy allows judges to flexibly adjust the magnitude of the relief according to the circumstances of cases,thus effectively alleviating the psychological pressure of"procedural sanctions are too expensive". Therefore,the sentence reduction has gradually become a judicial practice accepted by many countries in the world. As a practical rationality,not only can the sentence reduction change the "all or nothing"of the whole remedy system,but also encourage the judge to relieve more procedural violations and stimulate the defendant to seek procedural protection. Such judicial practice from sentence reduction reflects the so-called "sentence compensation mechanism"which combines procedural justice with substantive justice. This mechanism has legitimacy in three dimensions,which are jurisprudence,functionalism and penalty effect,and it has theoretical and practical values for further institutionalized construction.

关 键 词：程序性违法 程序性制裁机制 从轻量刑 量刑补偿机制 

分 类 号：D915.3[政治法律—诉讼法学]