注意缺陷多动障碍儿童的智力特点  

Characteristics of intelligence in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

作　　者：余珍珠[1] 张姗红 钟蕴瑜 杨斌让[1] 钟苑心 王玉凤[2] YU Zhenzhu;ZHANG Shanhong;ZHONG Yunyu;YANG Binrang;ZHONG Yuanxin;WANG Yufeng(Shenzhen Children's Hospital,Shenzhen 518038,Guangdong Province,China;Peking University Sixth Hospital,Peking University Institute of Mental Health,Key Laboratory of Mental Health,Ministry of Health ( Peking University),National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders ( Peking University Sixth Hospital),Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市儿童医院儿童保健科,广东深圳518038 [2]北京大学第六医院,北京大学精神卫生研究所,卫生部精神卫生学重点实验室(北京大学),国家精神心理疾病临床医学研究中心(北京大学第六医院),北京100191

出　　处：《中国心理卫生杂志》2019年第6期416-419,共4页Chinese Mental Health Journal

基　　金：深圳市医疗卫生三名工程项目(SZSM201612036)

摘　　要：目的:探讨注意缺陷多动障碍(ADHD)儿童的智力水平和智力等级分布特点。方法:选取符合DSM-IV诊断标准的240例ADHD儿童,以及50例正常对照组儿童,采用韦氏儿童智力量表第四版(WISC-IV)测试两组儿童的智力水平,根据智商IQ得分划分优秀、中上、中等、中下、临界五个等级。结果:ADHD组总智商[(96±10) vs.(105±10)]及智商各因子指数得分均低于对照组(P均<0. 05)。ADHD组儿童工作记忆指数分布在中下(33. 3%vs. 14. 0%)及临界(17. 9%vs. 2. 0%)的比例高于正常对照组,加工速度指数分布在中下的比例高于正常对照组(25. 8%vs. 4. 0%)(均P <0. 05)。结论:ADHD儿童的总智商及智商各因子指数均低于正常儿童,ADHD儿童工作记忆及加工速度损伤可能更明显。Objective: To explore the intelligence level,intelligence ranked distribution with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). Methods: Totally 240 children with ADHD diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders,Fourth Edition( DSM-Ⅳ) and 50 normal control group were included. The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Fourth Edition( WISC-Ⅳ) was used to evaluate the intelligence level of two groups. Intelligence quotient(IQ) were divided into five grades according to the score, including superior, high average,average, low average, and below average. Results: The WISC-Ⅳ scores and IQ indices were lower in ADHD children than in the controls(P <0. 05). The percentage of working memory index distribution in low average grade(33. 3% vs. 14. 0%) and below average grade(17. 9% vs. 2.0%) were higher in ADHD group than in normal control group,and the percentage of processing speed index distribution in low average grade was higher in ADHD group than in normal control group(25. 8% vs. 4. 0%)(Ps < 0. 05). Conclusion: It suggests that the total IQ and IQ indices of ADHD children be lower than those of normal children,and children with ADHD might have obvious damage of working memory and the processing speed.

关 键 词：注意缺陷多动障碍 韦氏儿童智力测验 智力 儿童 

分 类 号：R749.94[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]