生态产品内涵与其价值实现途径  

Connotation and Value Implementation Mechanism of Ecological Products

作　　者：张林波[1,2] 虞慧怡 李岱青[1,2] 贾振宇 吴丰昌[2] 刘旭[3] ZHANG Linbo;YU Huiyi;LI Daiqing;JIA Zhenyu;WU Fengchang;LIU Xu(State Environment Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-process and Function Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment,Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences,Beijing 100012,China;Chinese Academy of Engineering,Beijing 100088,China)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院国家环境保护区域生态过程与功能评估重点实验室,北京100012 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [3]中国工程院,北京100088

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第6期173-183,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：中国工程院咨询研究项目(2019-ZD-8-04);高端智库重点项目(2018-GDZK-6);水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2018ZX07601003);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0500205);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41501381)

摘　　要：生态产品是我国在生态文明建设理念上的重大变革,为“两山”理论提供实践抓手和物质载体,是一个涉及经济、社会、政治等相关领域的系统性工程,具有重大的战略作用和现实意义。但目前生态产品缺少统一的概念和分类,一定程度上制约了生态产品价值实现的理论研究及试点实践。根据国内外相关研究,将生态产品定义为生态系统通过生物生产和与人类生产共同作用为人类福祉提供的最终产品或服务,是与农产品和工业产品并列的、满足人类美好生活需求的生活必需品。根据生物生产、人类生产参与的程度以及服务类型,将生态产品划分为公共性生态产品和经营性生态产品两类。在此基础上,探索了生态产品价值来源、价值构成及价值实现的可能途径,主要包括生态保护补偿、生态权属交易、经营开发利用、绿色金融扶持、促进经济发展、政策制度激励等,为生态产品产业发展政策的制定及生态产品价值实现政策保障的深入研究提供了支撑。Ecological products are a significant change in the concept of ecological civilization construction in China. It provides the practical grasp and material carrier for the " two mountains" theory.It is a systematic project involving economic,social,political and other related fields,which has great strategic and practical significance. However,there is still a lack of unified concept and classification of ecological products,which restricts the theoretical research and pilot practice of the realization of ecological product value to a certain extent. Ecological products are defined as the final products or services that ecosystems provide for human well-being through biological production and interaction with human production,according to the understanding of relevant studies at home and abroad. Ecological products are the necessities of life which are parallel with agricultural products and industrial products,which meet the needs of human beings for a better life. According to the degree of biological production,human production participation and service types,ecological products were divided into public ecological products and operational ecological products. To support the formulation of the development policy of ecoproduct industry and the in-depth research on the policy guarantee of the realization of eco-product value,the value source,value composition and possible mechanisms of implementing the value of ecological products were explored. The ways to realize the value of ecological products mainly included ecological protection compensation,ecological ownership transaction,operation development and utilization,green finance support,economic development promotion,policy and system incentive.

关 键 词：生态产品 内涵 生态系统服务 自然资源资产 价值实现途径 

分 类 号：X196[环境科学与工程—环境科学]