舍饲牦牛与犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和肌内脂肪沉积相关基因表达的比较分析  

Comparative Study on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance,Meat Quality and Intramuscular Fat Deposition Related Gene Expression between Dzo and Yak in House Feeding

作　　者：官久强 张海波[1] 罗晓林[2] GUAN Jiuqiang;ZHANG Haibo;LUO Xiaolin(College of Life Science and Environmental Resource,Yichun University,Yichun 336000,China;SichuanAcademy of Grassland Sciences,Chengdu 625014,China)

机构地区：[1]宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院,宜春336000 [2]四川省草原科学研究院,成都625014

出　　处：《动物营养学报》2019年第6期2659-2665,共7页CHINESE JOURNAL OF ANIMAL NUTRITION

基　　金：牦牛种间杂交犏牛生产技术示范与推广(2017YSZH0016);四川省科技支撑计划“牦牛生态健康养殖关键技术集成研究与产业化示范”(16ZC2530);国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系(CARS-37);宜春学院博士科研启动基金(3350100050)

摘　　要：本试验旨在比较舍饲牦牛与犏牛生长性能、屠宰性能、肉品质和肌内脂肪(IMF)沉积相关基因表达的差异。选用10头体重相近、年龄(4岁)相近的健康麦洼公牦牛和公犏牛(藏黄牛×麦洼牦牛),分为牦牛组和犏牛组,每组5头牛。2个组均饲喂相同饲粮,试验期153d。结果表明:1)犏牛组平均日增重、胴体重及背最长肌熟肉率、IMF含量显著高于牦牛组(P<0.05)。犏牛组背最长肌剪切力显著低于牦牛组(P<0.05)。2)牦牛组背最长肌激素敏感脂肪酶(HSL)和肉碱转移酶-1(CPT-1)的活性及其基因相对表达量显著高于犏牛组(P<0.05)。3)犏牛组与牦牛组之间的初重、末重、平均日采食量、料重比、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率,背最长肌pH1h、pH24h及脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)、乙酰辅酶A羧化酶(ACC)活性及基因(固醇调节元件结合蛋白-1、过氧化物酶增殖激活受体γ、FAS和ACC)相对表达量均差异不显著(P>0.05)。由此可见,与牦牛相比,犏牛主要通过抑制HSL和CPT-1基因表达及降低其酶活性,抑制脂肪分解,促进IMF沉积,提高牛肉嫩度,改善牛肉品质。The purpose of this study was to compare the differences on growth performance,slaughter performance,meat quality and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition related gene expression between dzo and yak in house feeding.Ten healthy male yak and male dzo (Tibetan cattle×maiwa yak) with similar body weight and age (4 years old) were selected and divided into dzo group and yak group,with 5 heads in each group.Both 2 groups were fed the same diet for a trial period of 153 days.The results showed as follows: 1) the average daily gain,carcass weight and longissimus dorsi cooked meat rate,IMF content of dzo group were significantly higher than those of yak group ( P <0.05).The longissimus dorsi shear force of dzo group was significantly lower than that of yak group ( P <0.05).2) The activities and gene expression levels of hormone sensitive lipase ( HSL ) and carnitine transferase-1 ( CPT -1) in longissimus dorsi of yak group were significantly higher than those of dzo group ( P <0.05).3) There were no significant differences in initial weight,final weight,average daily feed intake,feed to gain ratio,net meat weight,slaughter rate,net meat rate,and pH 1 h ,pH 24 h ,fatty acid synthetase ( FAS ) and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase ( ACC ) activities and genes (sterols regulating element binding protein 1,peroxidase proliferation activated receptor γ, FAS and ACC ) relative expression levels in longissimus dorsi between dzo and yak ( P >0.05).Therefore,compared with yak,dzo mainly inhibits the gene expression of HSL and CPT -1 to reduce their activities,inhibits fat decomposition,promotes IMF deposition,improves the tenderness and quality of beef.

关 键 词：牦牛 犏牛 肌内脂肪 基因表达 肉品质 

分 类 号：S823[农业科学—畜牧学]