移民社群日常生活的地方性建构:以加拿大纽芬兰华人墓葬艺术为中心  

Characterized Buildings of the Immigrants:A Case Study of the Grave Building Arts of the Chinese Immigrants in Newfoundland,Canada

作　　者：李牧 Mu Li

机构地区：[1]南京大学艺术学院

出　　处：《世界民族》2019年第3期69-79,共11页Journal of World Peoples Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学项目“中国非物质文化遗产在北美地区的跨文化传播研究”(项目批准号:18CH204)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：早期(1902-1949)纽芬兰华人墓碑及相关殡葬礼仪,展现了当地华人物质文化及仪式生活中强烈的基督教化风格。随着纽芬兰政治经济形势的变化,华人社区对于当地基督教会的情感或文化依赖逐渐减弱。与之相应,早期墓碑的基督教风格在1949年之后也随之淡化。调查发现,1949年之后仍采用基督教母题的墓碑大部分属于早期华人移民。通过对墓碑设计的选择,这部分华人(或借助树碑人之手)的宗教信仰或超越了原初单纯的功利性与权宜性,而成为其在文化调试过程中建构本土化日常生活的有效路径与尝试。The gravestone and mortuary rituals of the early Chinese immigrants (from 1902 to 1949) living Newfoundland, Canada, manifested their material culture and related rituals which were greatly influenced by Christian culture. With the political and economic changes, the sentiment and cultural dependency of the local Chinese community on Christian churches became weakened and the early grave building arts strongly influenced by Christian culture have been waning since 1949. As the findings reveal, most of the gravestones in Christian style built after 1949 belong to the early Chinese immigrants. Through the design of these gravestones, one may come to understand how the early Chinese immigrants used Christianity to gradually achieve social acculturation and gain acceptance of their newly-found vernacular identity, which is, by and large, more than strategic and temporary.

关 键 词：华人移民 墓碑艺术 殡葬仪式 身份认同 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理] K891[社会学] B978[历史地理—民俗学]