化肥减量配施有机肥下芒果园土壤细菌多样性及群落结构特征  

Bacterial Diversity and Community Structure Characteristics of Mango Orchard Soil under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer and Increased Organic Fertilizer Application

作　　者：靳晓拓 马继勇 周彦妤 陈丽君 李涛 赵洪伟[1] JIN Xiaotuo;MA Jiyong;ZHOU Yanyu;CHEN Lijun;LI Tao;ZHAO Hongwei(College of Ecology and Environment, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan 570228, China;Hainan Plant Protection Station, Haikou, Hainan 570100, China)

机构地区：[1]海南大学生态与环境学院,海南海口570228 [2]海南省植物保护总站,海南海口570100

出　　处：《热带作物学报》2019年第6期1205-1212,共8页Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops

基　　金：海南省自然科学基金项目(No.417053,No.317302);海南省高等学校科学研究项目(No.Hnky2017-15)

摘　　要：为了探究化肥减量配施有机肥对芒果园土壤细菌多样性和群落结构的影响。本研究以海南省乐东黎族自治县某芒果园为研究对象,采用Illumina Miseq测序平台,对化肥减量配施有机肥和常规施用化肥两种施肥方式处理的芒果园土壤进行16S rRNA高通量测序分析。结果表明:通过化肥减量配施有机肥处理的芒果园土壤的有机质含量、碱解氮含量和有效磷含量比常规施肥增加了54.87%、40.73%、64.17%,镉和铅含量分别比常规施肥减少了65.09%和68.81%,而汞和铜含量分别比常规施肥增加了74.19%和32.21%。基于97.00%的相似度对所得序列进行聚类分析,2种处理的芒果园土壤中共有2702个operational taxonomic units(OTUs)。其中化肥减量处理的土壤平均有1784个OTUs,常规施肥处理的土壤平均有1568个OTUs。化肥减量配施有机肥的施肥方式能显著改善土壤质量,提高芒果园土壤细菌丰富度和多样性,并在一定程度上改变土壤细菌的群落结构。施肥方式的改变对土壤细菌的分布有较大的影响,化肥减量处理的芒果园土壤中变形菌门、放线菌门的含量较高;两种施肥方式下的土壤细菌群落结构有了明显的变化,但土壤中主要细菌的种类没有改变,土壤细菌群落结构仍保持一定的相似性;相关性分析结果显示土壤细菌群落受有机质、有效氮、有效磷和铜含量的影响较大。In order to study the effects on bacterial community structure and diversity in mango orchard soils through reducing the amount of fertilizer and increase the use of organic fertilizer, the Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technique was used to sequence soil bacteria 16 S rRNA from two treatments in Ledong, Hainan. The results showed that the contents of organic matter, alkali hydrolysis nitrogen and available phosphorus in mango orchard soil treated by fertilizer reduction and application of organic fertilizer increased by 54.87%, 40.73% and 64.17%, the contents of cadmium and lead decreased by 65.09% and 68.81% respectively, and the contents of mercury and copper increased by 74.19% and 32.21% respectively compared with conventional fertilization. Cluster analysis was performed on the sequences based on 97.00% similarity, and a total of 2702 operational taxonomic units(OTUs) were obtained from the mango orchard soils with two treatments. Among them, there were an average of 1784 OTUs in the soil treated with fertilizer reduction and 1568 OTUs in the soil treated with conventional fertilization. The fertilization method of decreasing the amount of fertilizer and applying organic fertilizer can significantly improve soil quality, increase the richness and diversity of soil bacteria in mango orchard soil, and change the community structure of soil bacteria to some extent. The change of fertilization method had a great influence on the distribution of soil bacteria. There were significant changes in the structure of soil bacterial community under the two fertilization methods, but the main bacterial species in the soil did not change, and the structure of soil bacterial community still maintained certain similarity.The results of correlation analysis showed that the soil bacterial community was mainly affected by the content of organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus and copper.

关 键 词：化肥减量 芒果园土壤 16S RRNA 细菌多样性 群落结构 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学] X592[农业科学—农业基础科学]