布朗功能学派理论对林耀华东南宗族研究的影响  

The Influence of Radcliffe-Brown’s Theories of Functionalism on Lin Yaohua’s Research on Lineage in Southeast China

作　　者：仇文硕 杨清媚[1] Qiu Wenshuo;Yang Qingmei(Social college, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 100088, China;Social college, China University of Political Science and Law, Beijing, 100088, China)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学社会学院

出　　处：《民族学刊》2019年第3期88-97,131-132,共12页Journal of Ethnology

摘　　要：通过比较林耀华早期的经验研究和1936年拉德克里夫-布朗(A .R .Radcliffe-Brown)在燕京大学的讲学课程,发现了二者在社区研究等理论方面的相通之处。林耀华通过在东南宗族乡村作出的实地调查,发现宗族的社会学特点:宗族的经济功能基于血亲间的分工合作,其情感结构面向祖先和国家,是开放而又复合的。在面对市场时,宗族作为整体积极参与其中。在面对国家时,宗族接纳了国家的权力系统。宗族即是布朗所讲的“活”的功能体,具备适应现代化的能力。因此,林耀华一直坚持用宗族作为中国社会现代化问题的研究单位。Through a comparative study on Lin Yaohua’s early empirical research and A. R. Radcliffe-Brown’s suggestions on Chinese research proposed during his time at Yanjing University in 1936,this article finds that there are similarities in their theories,such as community research.Through his fieldwork in the southeastern villages of China,Lin Yaohua re-visited the various functions of the lineage,affirmed its ability to adapt to modernization,and put forward his own thinking on the modernization process of Chinese society. Lin went to his hometown Yixu in 1934 and conducted three-and-a-half-months of fieldwork there. From this research he completed his M. A. thesis titled yixu de zongzu yanjiu( A Study of Lineage in Yixu [hereafter the Yixu]). This research was personally guided by Professor A. R.Radcliffe-Brown,who visited China the year following Lin’s fieldwork. Lin wrote a series of articles concerning "lineage " and proposed that the lineage is a standard unit for social analysis.For the first time,Radcliffe-Brown put forward his theory of comparative sociology,arguing that the most suitable research unit for China is the village. He believed that the village,as a collective for "hu"( households),embodied basic kinship relationships,i. e.,the family. The family is not only the starting point of community relations,but is also the basic unit for observing economic functions such as land. In addition,non-consanguineal social groups and individuals,together with the family,composed society as a whole. Radcliffe-Brown discussed this by dividing it into three parts,i. e. social function,comparative sociology and social change. He proposed that "functional-ism"is characterized by self-adaptability and that society is like a body that is a combination,coordination and cooperation of its various parts. Comparative sociology should first distinguish types of society,and then unfold the real entity on the basis of its attached functions. Social changes are completed through "adaptation " and "integration ",that is,fo

关 键 词：家族制度 布朗功能学派 林耀华 宗族研究 比较社会学 结构功能主义 

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