高维量子逻辑门及高维量子信息处理  

High dimensional quantum logic gates and quantum information processing

作　　者：徐文玲 王铁军[1,2] 曹聪[2,3] 王川[1,2,4] Wenling Xu;Tiejun Wang;Cong Cao;Chuan Wang(School of Science,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China;State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China;School of Ethnic Minority Education,Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Beijing 100876,China;College of Information Science and Technology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京邮电大学理学院,北京100876 [2]北京邮电大学信息光子学与光通信国家重点实验室,北京100876 [3]北京邮电大学民族学院,北京100876 [4]北京师范大学信息科学与技术学院,北京100875

出　　处：《科学通报》2019年第16期1691-1701,共11页Chinese Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFA0301304);国家自然科学基金(61622103,61671083)资助

摘　　要：量子计算与量子信息处理是涵盖了信息理论、计算机理论与量子力学的交叉学科,在信息、物理以及计算机等众多领域有着非常大的影响.量子特性在信息安全、信息容量以及计算速度的提高等方面都具有独特的优势.量子逻辑门是量子计算与量子信息处理中的一个关键模块,因此,如何构建一个合适的逻辑门也是现阶段热门的研究领域.此外,研究量子信息科学,纠缠光子对也是一个不可或缺的元素.目前有很多种产生纠缠光子对的理论和实验方案,例如参量下转换等方案.高维量子系统可以在很大程度上提高量子信道容量和信息存储空间,通过实现高维度量子逻辑门,能够提高量子计算与量子信息处理的速度.然而,直接由两个高维子系统相互作用构建高维逻辑门是很困难的.在这种情况下,即使要实现一个很小的高维逻辑电路,也会耗费大量二维逻辑门.本文主要介绍了利用纠缠光子对的偏振、频率和空间模式自由度实现的二维以及高维单自由度和多自由度的量子逻辑门方案,并探讨了这些方案在量子信息处理和量子计算等方面的应用以及发展趋势.Quantum information science has extensive applications in various research fields, such as information, physics and computer science. It is well known that the quantum properties of a system exhibit many unique advantages in the security of information transmission and processing, computation, and the improvement of channel capacity. Quantum information includes several research fields, for example, quantum communication, quantum computing and so on. In the past 30 years,the development of quantum communication, quantum computing and quantum information processing has made great progress in both theory and experiments.As a fundamental resource for quantum information processing, entanglement is a key element for many applications,such as quantum key distribution, quantum teleportation, quantum dense coding, quantum secure direct communication and quantum metrology. Because of the weak interaction with the environment and the degrees of freedom, entangled photons are the excellent candidates as the quantum-information carrier. Several remarkable experiments have been performed with the photonic entanglement. However, it is necessary to share a pair of entangled photons between the communicating parties in advance in these quantum information processes. Furthermore, the application of hyperentanglement, the entanglement of photon pairs simultaneously existing in more than one degree of freedom, has been widely studied for the reason that it can improve the channel capacity of quantum communications and implement hyperparallel computing, such as the quantum error-correcting code, quantum repeater and deterministic entanglement purification. Moreover, the quantum logic gates play an essential role in quantum information processing which attracts much attention on the designing of the quantum logic gates. Depending on the coherent dynamics of the cavity quantum electrodynamical system, deterministic quantum gate operations between the quantum systems can be realized.Here in this review, by considering high-dimensional

关 键 词：量子信息 纠缠 量子门 高维 自由度 

分 类 号：O413.1[理学—理论物理] TP3[理学—物理]